| 7th United States Congress | |||
 United States Capitol (1800) |
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| Duration: March 4, 1801 – March 3, 1803 | |||
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| President of the Senate: | Aaron Burr | ||
| President pro tempore: | Abraham Baldwin Stephen R. Bradley |
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| Speaker of the House: | Nathaniel Macon | ||
| Members: | 34 Senators 107 Representatives 2 Non-voting members |
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| Senate Majority: | Democratic-Republican | ||
| House Majority: | Democratic-Republican | ||
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| Sessions | |||
| Special: March 4, 1801 – March 5, 1801 1st: December 7, 1801 – May 3, 1802 2nd: December 6, 1802 – March 3, 1803 |
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The Seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1801 to March 3, 1803, during the first two years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the First Census of the United States in 1790. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority, except during the Special session of the Senate, when there was a Federalist majority in the Senate.
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
- Democratic-Republican (DR): 17 (majority)
- Federalist (F): 15
- vacant: 2
TOTAL members: 34
House of Representatives
- Democratic-Republican (DR): 68 (majority)
- Federalist (F): 38
- vacant: 1
TOTAL members: 107
Leadership
Senate
- President: Aaron Burr (DR)
- President pro tempore:
- Abraham Baldwin (DR), first elected December 7, 1801
- Stephen R. Bradley (DR), first elected December 14, 1802
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Nathaniel Macon, (DR), elected December 7, 1801
Major events
- 1801-03-04 — Presidential inauguration of Thomas Jefferson
- 1801-05-10 — The pascha of Tripoli declared war on United States by having the flagpole on the consulate chopped down
- 1802-03-16 — West Point established
- 1803-02-24 — First time an Act of Congress was declared unconstitutional: U.S. Supreme Court case, Marbury v. Madison
Major legislation
- April 29, 1802 — Judiciary Act of 1802, ch. 31, 2 Stat. 156
- April 30, 1802 — Enabling Act of 1802, ch. 40, 2 Stat. 173
States admitted
- November 29, 1802 — Ohio admitted as a state. It was formerly a portion of the Northwest Territory
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1802; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1804; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1806.
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- replacements: 5
- Democratic-Republicans: 1 seat net gain
- Federalists: 1 seat net loss
- deaths: 1
- resignations: 8
- interim appointments: 1
- vacancies: 1
- Total seats with changes: 10
| State | Vacator | Reason for Vacancy | Successor | Date of Successor's Installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rhode Island class 2 |
Ray Greene (F) | Resigned March 5, 1801 after being nominated for a judicial position | Christopher Ellery (DR) | Seated May 6, 1801 |
| South Carolina class 2 |
Charles Pinckney (DR) | Resigned June 6, 1801 after being appointed Minister to Spain | Thomas Sumter (DR) | Seated December 15, 1801 |
| New Hampshire class 2 |
Samuel Livermore (F) | Resigned June 12, 1801 | Simeon Olcott (F) | Seated June 17, 1801 |
| New Hampshire class 3 |
James Sheafe (F) | Resigned June 14, 1801 | William Plumer (F) | Seated June 17, 1801 |
| Pennsylvania class 3 |
Peter Muhlenberg (DR) | Resigned June 30, 1801 | George Logan (DR) | Seated July 13, 1801 |
| Vermont class 3 |
Elijah Paine (F) | Resigned September 1, 1801 | Stephen R. Bradley (DR) | Seated October 15, 1801 |
| Maryland class 3 |
William Hindman (F) | Resigned November 19, 1801 | Robert Wright (DR) | Seated November 19, 1801 |
| New York class 3 |
John Armstrong, Jr. (DR) | Resigned February 5, 1802 | DeWitt Clinton (DR) | Seated February 9, 1802 |
| South Carolina class 3 |
John E. Colhoun (DR) | Died October 26, 1802 | Pierce Butler (DR) | Seated November 4, 1802 |
| Ohio class 1 |
New seats | Ohio was admitted to the Union on November 29, 1802 | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |
| Ohio class 3 |
Vacant |
House of Representatives
- replacements: 8
- Democratic-Republicans: no net change
- Federalists: no net change
- deaths: 1
- resignations: 9
- forfeiture: 1
- vacancy: 1
- Total seats with changes: 11
| District | Vacator | Reason for Vacancy | Successor | Date of Successor's Installation |
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| Connecticut At-large |
Vacant | Elizur Goodrich (F) resigned before the beginning of this Congress | Calvin Goddard (F) | Elected May 14, 1801 |
| Massachusetts 4th |
Levi Lincoln (DR) | Resigned March 5, 1801 after being appointed US Attorney General | Seth Hastings (F) | August 24, 1801 |
| New York 6th |
John Bird (F) | Resigned July 25, 1801 | John Peter Van Ness (DR) | October 6, 1801 |
| New York 5th |
Thomas Tillotson (DR) | Resigned August 10, 1801 after being elected NY Secretary of State | Theodorus Bailey (DR) | October 6, 1801 |
| Massachusetts 12th |
Silas Lee (F) | Resigned August 20, 1801 | Samuel Thatcher (F) | December 6, 1802 |
| South Carolina 4th |
Thomas Sumter (DR) | Resigned December 15, 1801 after being elected to the US Senate | Richard Winn (DR) | January 24, 1803 |
| Georgia At-large |
Benjamin Taliaferro (DR) | Resigned in 1802 | David Meriwether (DR) | December 6, 1802 |
| New Hampshire At-large |
Joseph Peirce (F) | Resigned in 1802 | Samuel Hunt (F) | December 6, 1802 |
| Maryland 2nd |
Richard Sprigg, Jr. (DR) | Resigned February 11, 1802 | Walter Bowie (DR) | March 24, 1802 |
| Mississippi Territory At-large |
Narsworthy Hunter Non-voting Delegate |
Died March 11, 1802 | Thomas M. Green, Jr. Non-voting Delgate |
December 6, 1802 |
| Georgia At-large |
John Milledge (DR) | Resigned May, 1802 after being elected Governor | Peter Early (DR) | January 10, 1803 |
| North Carolina 8th |
Charles Johnson (DR) | Died July 23, 1802 | Thomas Wynns (DR) | December 7, 1802 |
| Ohio At-large |
New seat | Ohio was admitted to the Union on November 29, 1802 | Vacant | Not filled until next Congress |
| New York 6th |
John Peter Van Ness (DR) | Seat declared forfeited January 17, 1803 | Vacant |
Officers
Senate
- Secretary: Samuel A. Otis of Massachusetts
- Doorkeeper: James Mathers of New York
- Chaplain:
- Thomas J. Claggett, Episcopalian
- Edward Gantt, Episcopalian, December 9, 1801 – End
House of Representatives
- Clerk: John Beckley of Virginia, December 7, 1801 – End
- Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton, December 7, 1801 – End
- Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton, December 7, 1801 – End
- Chaplain: William Parkinson, Baptist, December 7, 1801 – End
References
- ^ a b c The official date when Ohio became a state was not set until 1953, when the 83rd U.S. Congress passed legislation retrospectively designating the date of the first meeting of the Ohio state legislature, March 1, 1803, as that date. However, on April 30, 1802 the 7th U.S. Congress had passed an act "authorizing the inhabitants of Ohio to form a Constitution and state government, and admission of Ohio into the Union." (Sess. 1, ch. 40, 2 Stat. 173) On February 19, 1803 the same Congress passed an act "providing for the execution of the laws of the United States in the State of Ohio." (Sess. 2, ch. 7, 2 Stat. 201) The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress states that Ohio was admitted to the Union on November 29, 1802, and counts its seats as vacant from that date.
- ^ a b Pennsylvania's 4th district was a plural district with two representatives.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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