9

Year 9 (IX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Roman Empire

• Claudius marries Plautia Urgulanilla following the death of Livia Medullina.
• Illyria is turned into a province after a revolt is defeated.
• The Rhine River is established as the boundary between the Latin and German speaking worlds, following the defeat of the Roman army, under the command of Varus, at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.
• Legio II Augusta, XX Valeria Victrix, and XIII Gemina move to Germany to replace Legio XIX and the others destroyed at Teutoburg.
• Ovid is banished to Tomis.
• Pannonia (modern-day Hungary) submits to Roman rule.
• In order to increase the number of marriages, and ultimately the population, the Lex Papia Poppaea is adopted in Rome. This law prohibits celibacy and childless relationships.
• Roman finances become strained following the Danubian insurrection and Varus' defeat in Germany, where three Roman legions were destroyed. This results in the levying of two new taxes: five percent of inheritances, and one percent on sales.
• The Catuvellauni attack the Trinovantes and capture Camulodunum.

Asia

• Empress Wang (Ping) is given the title of Duchess Dowager of Ding'an, while Emperor Ruzi of Han, the former Emperor of Han becomes the Duke of Ding'an. Ruzi Ying is placed under house arrest.
• Lui Kuai, Marquess of Zuziang, attacks the Dukedom of Fuchong under his brother Liu Ying. Lui Kuai is defeated and killed in the ensuing battle.
• Wang Mang founds the short-lived Xin Dynasty in China (until 25). Wang Mang names his wife Empress Wang (Xin Dynasty) and his son Wang Lin Crown Prince and heir to the throne.

Literature

• Ovid completes Ibis (single poem).

Births

• November 17—Vespasian, Roman emperor (d. 79)

Deaths

• Publius Quinctilius Varus, Roman general, at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, said to have committed suicide.

Notes and references