The pitch can be changed by tightening or loosening the lips
(embouchure), depressing a valve or valves and by moving tuning
slides.
The pitch can also be affected by temperature and by the density
of the gas being blown through it. Try playing a trumpet with a
lungful of helium.
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You "clear" the mask by blowing into it before "sealing" the
mask by covering the inlet valve and breathing in. If there is
chemical agent in the area when you don the mask, breathing in
before clearing it will give you a lungful of deadly agent.
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They help by allowing the animal to breath.
Dolphins are regular air breathing mammals in the same way as
whales, elephants, dogs, cats, apes, etc.
A dolphin will take a deep breath, hold its breath while it
swims, and then exchange trhe "used" air in its lungs for a
completely new oxygenated lungful of air.
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries
used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern -U-GF--.
That is, seven letter words with 2nd letter U and 4th letter G and
5th letter F. In alphabetical order, they are: