When grinding, an abrasive material such as carborundum is used to remove material from the workpiece. When turning, material is removed from the workpiece with a cutting tool. The worpiece is usually clamped in the jaws of a chuck, and the chuck turns. the tool is clamped to a toolpost and moved along the workpiece and into the workpiece in order to cut material off in a measured amount.

If the cutting tool is not tightly clamped in the tool post it could move when a cut is taken.

This can result in the tool penetrating the workpiece as the cut progresses causing an undersized workpiece. It can also eventually bite into the workpiece and possibly cause damage to the workpiece, the lathe, the cutting tool and even injury to the machinist and others in close proximity.

The workpiece is holding on the worktable of the machine. The table movement controls the feed of workpiece against the rotating cutter. The cutter is mounted on a spindle or arbor and revolves at high speed. Except for rotation the cutter has no other motion. As the workpiece advances, the cutter teeth remove the metal from the surface of workpiece and the desired shape is produced.

All gearboxes work the same way: there is a gear on the motor, a gear on the thing you're trying to drive, and sometimes a set of gears between the two. The ratio between the gears, plus the RPM of the motor, determines the speed of the workpiece. If the gear on the motor is larger than the gear on the workpiece the RPM of the workpiece will be higher than the speed of the motor. If the workpiece's gear is larger, the workpiece will turn slower than the motor. Given that, though, I've never seen a gearbox on a wood lathe. Wood lathes use belt drive for two reasons, the most important being safety--if you get a catch, a workpiece on a belt driven lathe won't damage you as badly as a workpiece on a gear-driven lathe. Also, belt drive won't feed vibration from the workpiece back into the motor and damage the bearings. Gear drive is used on metal lathes.

What is the angle of a workpiece if a 3.2003 gage block stack is used with a 10 sine bar?