Abakan
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A·ba·kan
A city of south-central Russia east-southeast of Novosibirsk. It is a commercial center on the Yenisey River and the Siberian Railroad. Population: 165,000.
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Abakan
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Abakan
Abakan (əbəkän'), city (1990 est. pop. 153,000), capital of the Khakass Republic, in S central Siberian Russia, on the Yenisei River. A commercial center on the South Siberian RR, it produces footwear, foodstuffs, and metal products. Founded (1707) as a fortress, Abakan was known as Ust-Abakanskoye until 1931. Bronze Age tumuli and Turkic inscriptions have been found in the city.
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Abakan
For other uses, see Abakan (disambiguation).
| Abakan (English) Абакан (Russian) Ағбан (Khakas) |
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 Abakan Cathedral of the Transfiguration |
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.svg) Location of the Republic of Khakassia in Russia |
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 Abakan
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| Coordinates: 53°43′N 91°25′E / 53.717°N 91.417°ECoordinates: 53°43′N 91°25′E / 53.717°N 91.417°E | |
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| Administrative status (as of February 2011) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Republic of Khakassia |
| Administratively subordinated to | City of Abakan[1] |
| Capital of | Republic of Khakassia[1] |
| Administrative center of | City of Abakan[1] |
| Municipal status (as of October 2004) | |
| Urban okrug | Abakan Urban Okrug[2] |
| Administrative center of | Abakan Urban Okrug[2] |
| Head[citation needed] | Nikolay Bulakin[citation needed] |
| Representative body | Council of Deputies[citation needed] |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 259 km2 (100 sq mi)[citation needed] |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) |
165,183 inhabitants[3] |
| - Rank in 2010 | 109th |
| Population (2002 Census) | 163,189 inhabitants[4] |
| - Rank in 2002 | 104th |
| Density | 638 /km2 (1,650 /sq mi)[5] |
| Time zone | KRAT (UTC+08:00)[6] |
| Founded | 1675[7] |
| Postal code(s) | 655000[citation needed] |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 3902[citation needed] |
| Official website | |
| Abakan on WikiCommons | |
Abakan (Russian: Абака́н; Khakas: Ағбан) is the capital city of the Republic of Khakassia, Russia, located in the central part of Minusinsk Depression, at the confluence of the Yenisei and Abakan Rivers. Population: 165,183 (2010 Census preliminary results);[3] 165,197 (2002 Census);[8] 154,092 (1989 Census).[9]
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Contents
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History
Abakansky ostrog (Абаканский острог) was built at this location in 1675, also known as Abakansk. In the Russian Empire, it was a part of Yeniseysk Governorate. During 1823–1931 the grown settlement was known as Ust-Abakanskoye, 1914–1925: Abakan, 1925–1931: Khakassk. It was granted town status and given its current name in 1931.
Chinese exiles
In 1940, Russian construction workers found ancient ruins during the construction of a highway between Abakan and the nearby district center village of Askyz (Аскыз). When the site was excavated by Soviet archaeologists during 1941-45, they realized that they had discovered a building absolutely unique for the area: a large (1500 square meters) Chinese-style, likely Han Dynasty era (206 BCE–220 CE) palace. The identity of the high-ranking personage who lived luxuriously in Chinese style, far outside of the borders of the Han Empire, has remained a matter for discussion ever since. Russian archaeologist L.A. Evtyukhova surmised, based on circumstantial evidence, that the palace may have been the residence of Li Ling, a Chinese general who had been defeated by the Xiongnu in 99 BC, and defected to them as a result.[10] While this opinion has remained popular, other views have been expressed as well. More recently, for example, it was claimed by A.A. Kovalyov as the residence of Lu Fang (盧芳), a Han throne pretender from the Guangwu era.[11]
Lithuanian exiles
In the late eighteenth and during the nineteenth century, Lithuanian participants in the 1794, 1830–1831, and 1863 rebellions against the Russian czarist rule were exiled to Abakan. A group of camps was established, and prisoners were forced to work in the coal mines. After Stalin's death, Lithuanian exiles from the nearby settlements moved in[12]
Administrative and municipal status
Administratively, it is incorporated as the City of Abakan—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] Municipally, the City of Abakan is incorporated as Abakan Urban Okrug.[2]
Economy
Abakan (together with Tayshet) was a terminal of the major Abakan-Taishet Railway. Now it is an important railway junction.
The city is served by the Abakan International Airport.
The city has a river port, industry enterprises, Katanov State University of Khakasia, and three theatres. Furthermore, it has a commercial center that produces footwear, foodstuffs, and metal products.
The 100th Air Assault Brigade of the Russian Airborne Troops was based in the city until c.1996. (Schofield, The Russian Elite)
Sites
Abakan's sites of interest include Holy Transfiguration Cathedral, "Good Angel of Peace" sculpture, park of topiary art, and many others.
Sports
Bandy is the biggest sport in the city. Sayany-Khakasiya[13] have played in the highest division of Russian Bandy League for a long time. After a few years in the 2nd highest division, they won the qualifying tournament for the 2012-13 season.[1]
Climate
| Climate data for Abakan | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | −14 (7) |
−9 (15) |
1 (34) |
9 (49) |
19 (66) |
23 (74) |
26 (79) |
24 (75) |
17 (62) |
7 (44) |
−6 (22) |
−14 (7) |
6.9 (44.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −23 (−9) |
−21 (−6) |
−10 (14) |
−3 (26) |
5 (41) |
11 (52) |
14 (57) |
11 (52) |
4 (40) |
−3 (27) |
−13 (9) |
−21 (−5) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 8 (0.3) |
8 (0.3) |
8 (0.3) |
10 (0.4) |
36 (1.4) |
69 (2.7) |
74 (2.9) |
38 (1.5) |
30 (1.2) |
23 (0.9) |
10 (0.4) |
15 (0.6) |
328 (12.9) |
| Source: Weatherbase [14] | |||||||||||||
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d e Law #20
- ^ a b c Law #59
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
- ^ Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 13. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ L.A. Evtyukhova (Л.А. Евтюхова), Southern Siberia in Ancient Times Южная Сибирь в древности). In: "Tracing Ancient Cultures between the Volga and the Pacific" (По следам древних культур: от Волги до Тихого Океана). Moscow, 1954, pp. 195-224.
- ^ A.A. Kovalyov (А.А. Ковалёв), Chinese Emperor on the Yenisy? Once more about the owner of the Tashebik "Palace" (Китайский император на Енисее? Ещё раз о хозяине ташебинского «дворца»), in "Ethnohistory and archaeoilogy of Northern Eurasia: theory, methodology, and the recearch practice" ("Этноистория и археология Северной Евразии: теория, методология и практика исследования"). Irkutsk, 2007, pp. 145-148.
- ^ Abakanas. Aldona Juodvalkytė. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija, I t. Vilnius: Science and encyclopedias publishing institute, 2001. T.1: A-Ar.
- ^ Official home page
- ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Abakan, Russia". Weatherbase. 2011. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=56892&refer=wikipedia. Retrieved on November 24, 2011.
Sources
- Верховный Совет Республики Хакасия. Закон №20 от 5 мая 2004 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Хакасия», в ред. Закона №9-ЗРХ от 15 февраля 2011 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Республики Хакасия "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Хакасия"». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вестник Хакасии", №22, 12 мая 2004 г. (Supreme Council of the Republic of Khakassia. Law #20 of May 5, 2004 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Khakassia, as amended by the Law #9-ZRKh of February 15, 2011 On Amending the Law of the Republic of Khakassia "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Khakassia". Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication date.).
- Верховный Совет Республики Хакасия. Закон №59 от 7 октября 2004 г. «Об утверждении границ муниципального образования город Абакан и наделении его статусом городского округа». Вступил в силу с 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Вестник Хакасии", №48, 15 октября 2004 г. (Supreme Council of the Republic of Khakassia. Law #59 of October 7, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the City of Abakan and on Granting It Urban Okrug Status. Effective as of January 1, 2005.).
External links
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Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Abakansk. |
- (Russian) Abakan web portal
- Abakan live cam
- Abakan city streets views
- (Turkish) [2] Beyaz Arif Akbas, "Khakassia: The Lost Land", Portland State Center for Turkish Studies, 2007
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American Heritage Dictionary
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Columbia Encyclopedia
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/.
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Mentioned in
Khakass
(Russian history)
Khakass Republic
(republic, Russia)
Abakan
(disambiguation)
Abaza
(town)
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