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( fl c. 1540-95). Iranian miniature painter and calligrapher, active also in India. Trained in Safavid Iran, `Abd al-Samad migrated to India, where he became director of the Mughal painting workshops under the emperor Akbar (reg 1556-1605). In this key position, he influenced the development of Mughal painting in the second half of the 16th century more than any other artist (see INDIAN SUBCONTINENT,
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