Abdirahman Farole

Abdirahman Mohamud Farole عبد الرحمن محمد
President of Puntland
Incumbent
Assumed office 11 January 2009
Vice President	Abdisamad Ali Shire
Preceded by	Mohamud Muse Hersi Adde
Personal details
Born	(1945-06-06) 6 June 1945 (age 66) Eyl, Somalia
Religion	Islam

Abdirahman Mohamud Farole (Somali: Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud Faroole, Arabic: عبد الرحمن محمد‎) (born June 6, 1945) is a Somali politician. He is the fourth and current President of Puntland.

Biography

Early years

Farole was born in 1945 in the coastal town of Eyl,^[1][2] situated in the northeastern Nugaal region of Somalia. He hails from the Majeerteen Darod clan.

A multi-linguist, he is fluent in Somali, Arabic, Italian and English.^[2]

Education

Farole first pursued his post-secondary education locally, earning a Diploma of Public Health in 1964 from the Scuola Professionale Sanitaria in Mogadishu, the nation's capital. The following year, he earned a Diploma in Statistics from the International Statistical Institute of Beirut in Lebanon.^[2]

In 1985, Farole completed a Bachelor of Commerce in Economics and Commerce from the Somali National University in Mogadishu. He followed that five years later with a Master of Business Administration (Major in Financial Management) from a joint partnership between the Somali National University-SOMTAD and the State University of New York at Albany. In 2005, he added to his resume a Bachelor of Arts (Major in Politics) from La Trobe University in Australia.^[2]

Career

In a professional capacity, Farole worked as a senior officer/manager of major branches in Hargeisa and Berbera, and as a senior auditor/divisional manager of foreign and international departments at the Central Bank of Somalia. From 1970 to 1986, he was also director general at the Commercial & Savings Bank.^[2]

Top governmental positions Farole has held in the past include a stint as Finance Minister of the northeastern Puntland province of Somalia under the region's first president, Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, and as governor of the Nugaal region in the 1990s.^[3][4] He later served as Planning Minister in the regional government of Mohamud "Adde" Muse Hersi,^[3] the former president of Puntland. After a falling out with Muse over a deal with the Australian oil company, Range Resources, Farole spent much of the past decade in suburban Melbourne, Australia, where he was a Ph.D. candidate in history at La Trobe University.^[5][6] His dissertation was on the rebuilding of banks and financial institutions after armed conflict.^[6]

President of Puntland

Appointment

After having reportedly turned down requests from his fellow countrymen to run for office in the past, and with the assurance of support from various political factions,^[5] Farole returned to Somalia from Australia to present himself as a candidate in the Puntland region's 2008-2009 presidential elections.^[6] In January 2009, he defeated the nine other candidates, including incumbent President Muse, to become the fourth President of Puntland.^[6][7] Despite weeks of political tension prior to the vote, the election itself was also reportedly peaceful, prompting one U.S.-based observer to suggest that the "success of the Puntland elections can begin to provide a model for the whole of Somalia."^[7] In his election victory speech, Farole vowed to tackle head-on the pervasive piracy problem off of the Somali coast, including cracking down on local authorities that were then reportedly collaborating with pirates in return for a share of the profits.^[6]

General reforms

Since taking office in 2009, the Farole administration has implemented numerous political reforms, with an emphasis on the expansion and improvement of Puntland's security and judicial sectors. In an effort to improve transparency, the new president issued a first-ever "100 Days in Office report".^[8]

To bolster the region's justice system, numerous new prosecutors, judges and other court personnel as well as additional prison guards were hired and trained. In July 2010, the Puntland Council of Ministers unanimously approved a new anti-terrorism law to more efficiently handle terror suspects and their accomplices; a special court is also expected to be established within the region's existing criminal courts system to facilitate the task.^[9]

Fiscally, a transparent, budget-based public finance system was established, which has reportedly helped increase public confidence in government.^[10]

More modest reforms were also put into motion in the social sector, particularly in the education and healthcare fields. The regional government hired more healthcare workers and teachers, with major plans underway for school and hospital renovations.^[10]

Multi-partism

On June 15, 2009, the Farole administration passed a new regional draft constitution, which is believed to represent a significant step toward the eventual introduction of a multi-party political system to the region for the first time.^[10] Such a system already exists in the adjacent Somaliland region.^[11]

On April 15, 2012, the Puntland government opened a four-day constitutional convention officially inaugurating the new state constitution. Overseen by the Puntland Electoral Commission (PEC), the constitution represents the final step in the extant regional democratization process and is scheduled to be followed by the formation of political parties.^[12]

Puntland Agency For Social Welfare

One of the most significant new reforms enacted by the incumbent Farole administration was the launching in May 2009 of the Puntland Agency for Social Welfare (PASWE), the first organization of its kind in Somali history. The agency provides medical, educational and counseling support to vulnerable groups and individuals such as orphans, the disabled and the blind. PASWE is overseen by a Board of Directors, which consists of religious scholars (ulema), businesspeople, intellectuals and traditional elders.^[13]

Anti-piracy campaign

Between 2009 and 2010, the Farole government enacted a number of reforms and pre-emptive measures as a part of its officially declared anti-piracy campaign. The latter include the arrest, trial and conviction of pirate gangs, as well as raids on suspected pirate hideouts and confiscation of weapons and equipment; ensuring the adequate coverage of the regional authority's anti-piracy efforts by both local and international media; sponsoring a social campaign led by Islamic scholars and community activists aimed at discrediting piracy and highlighting its negative effects; and partnering with the NATO alliance to combat pirates at sea.^[14] In May 2010, construction also began on a new naval base in the town of Bandar Siyada, located 25 km west of Bosaso, the commercial capital of Puntland.^[15] The facility is funded by Puntland's regional government in conjunction with Saracen International, a UK-based security company, and is intended to assist in more effectively combating piracy. The base will include a center for training recruits, and a command post for the naval force.^[15]

These numerous security measures appear to have borne fruit, as many pirates were apprehended in 2010, including a prominent leader.^[16] Puntland's security forces also reportedly managed to force out the pirate gangs from their traditional safe havens such as Eyl and Gar'ad,^[17] with the pirates now primarily operating from the Galmudug region to the south.^[1]

Galgala campaign

In August 2010, Puntland security forces launched an offensive against militants led by Mohamed Said Atom, an arms-smuggler on both U.S. and U.N. security watch-lists who had vowed war on the Farole administration. The insurgents were reportedly hiding out in the Galgala hills. Atom had fled just before the attack that left more than 100 militants dead, having reportedly misled his men prior to the Puntland army's offensive by promising reinforcements from the Islamist Al-Shabaab group via the town of Burao in the Somaliland region.^[18]

By late October, Puntland military personnel had seized the last insurgent outposts,^[19] though fighting later sporadically flared up again as militants loyal to Atom attempted to ambush Puntland soldiers.^[20][21][22]

Galmudug Accord

In response to sporadic targeted assassination attempts by Al-Shabaab militants against Puntland public officials in the north-central city of Galkacyo, the Farole administration in 2010-2011 launched a police crackdown and set in motion comprehensive administrative reform.^[23][24] The Puntland and Galmudug authorities subsequently signed an accord in Garowe in February 2011, officially agreeing to cooperate on security, economic and social matters so as to strengthen inter-regional relations.^[25] In April of that year, the Puntland government also replaced the Mudug region's Governor and his deputies and dissolved the local district council. A separate interim regional committee tasked with assuring security was also set up.^[24]

Puntland Maritime Police Force

Following a Puntland-Transitional Federal Government cooperative agreement in August 2011 calling for the creation of a Somali Marine Force, of which the already established Puntland Maritime Police Force (PMPF) would form a part, the Farole administration resumed training of PMPF naval officials.^[26] The Puntland Maritime Police Force is a locally-recruited, professional maritime security force that is primarily aimed at fighting piracy off of the coast of Somalia, safeguarding the nation's marine resources,^[26] and providing logistics support to humanitarian efforts.^[27] Supported by the United Arab Emirates,^[26] PMPF officials are also trained by the Japanese Coast Guard.^[28]

Post-transition

In February 2012, Farole and other Somali government officials met in Garowe, Puntland's administrative capital, to discuss post-transition arrangements following the end of the TFG's mandate in August 2012. After extensive deliberations attended by regional actors and international observers, the conference ended in a signed agreement between President Farole, TFG President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, Prime Minister Abdiweli Mohamed Ali, Speaker of Parliament Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden, Galmudug President Mohamed Ahmed Alim and Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a representative Khalif Abdulkadir Noor stipulating that: a) a new 225 member bicameral parliament would be formed, consisting of an upper house seating 54 Senators as well as a lower house; b) 30% of the National Constituent Assembly (NCA) is earmarked for women; c) the President is to be appointed via a constitutional election; and d) the Prime Minister is selected by the President and he/she then names his/her Cabinet. The agreements were known as the Garowe Principles.^[29][30]

Oil exploration

In 2012, the Farole administration gave the green light to the first official oil exploration project in Puntland and Somalia at large.^[31][32] Led by the Canadian oil company Africa Oil and its partner Range Resources, initial drilling in the Shabeel-1 well on Puntland's Dharoor Block in March of the year successfully yielded oil.^[31]

Awards

In January 2011, Farole was named 2010 Person of the Year by various Somali media outlets for his numerous administrative and social reforms and initiatives.^[33]

See also

• Puntland

Notes

v t e Presidents of Puntland Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed Yusuf Haji Nur* Jama Ali Jama Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed Mohamed Hashi* Mohamud Muse Hersi Abdirahman Farole ^* acting