Abdul Fattah Ismail
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Ismail Fattah
(b Basra, 1934). Iraqi sculptor and painter. He studied sculpture and painting at the Institute of Fine Arts in Baghdad under Jawad Salim, and after graduating in 1958 went to Rome where he studied at the Accademia di Belle Arti e Liceo Artistico and the Accademia di San Giacomo. Fattah began to work in a style that combined elements of realism and expressionism, as well as influences from Sumerian and Assyrian art. On returning to Baghdad he became active in the artistic life of the city and in 1967 joined the group Al-Zawiya ('The Religious Fraternity'), led by the painter Faik Hassan; Fattah also became a member of the New Vision group, formed in 1969. He had one-man shows in Rome and Beirut, as well as Baghdad, and from the 1960s participated in a number of national and international exhibitions. At the first Indian Triennale held in New Delhi (1968), for example, he exhibited the bronze sculpture Two Figures (360*180 mm, 1964; Baghdad, N. Mus. Mod. A.). He produced sculptures and murals for public buildings and squares in Baghdad and in the 1970s taught ceramics at the Academy of Fine Arts, Baghdad University (established 1962). In the early 1980s, under the patronage of President Saddam Hussein, he designed the Martyr's Monument (1981-3; for illustration see IRAQ) for Baghdad, to commemorate the nation's dead in the Iraq-Iran War. This large monument, which brought Fattah international recognition, consists of a 40-m high turquoise dome, split into halves, with a 5-m high sculptural rendering of the Iraqi flag in twisted metal in the centre. The monument rests on a circular platform 190 m in diameter, beneath which is an underground museum, and the entire ensemble is located in the middle of an artificial lake. The monument was built by the Mitsubishi Corporation to the specifications of Ove Arup and Partners.
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Abdul Fattah Ismail
Abd al-Fattah Ismail Ali Al-Jawfi (1939– 13 January 1986) (Arabic: عبد الفتاح إسماعيل علي الجوفي ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ Ismāʿīl) was the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council, head of state of South Yemen, and founder, chief ideologue, and first leader of the Yemeni Socialist Party from 21 December 1978 to 21 April 1980.
Born in July 1939 in the Hugariah district (Taiz) of North Yemen, he was educated in Aden, where he subsequently worked in an oil refinery from 1957 to 1961 as an apprentice. As a co-founder of the Arab Nationalist Movement in South Yemen, he contributed to the formation of a number of Movement cells before he was arrested by the British authorities in Aden for political incitement of workers.
In 1961 he became a school teacher in one of the Aden districts, and at the same time continuing political activity. He was a co-founder of the National Front for the Liberation of South Yemen (NLF). After the NLF started the 14 October 1963 Revolution for the liberation of South Yemen from British colonial rule, Ismail became a full time revolutionary, whereby he undertook the leadership of the NLF underground military wing (fedayeen) in Aden, as well as political activity.
He was elected to the NLF executive in the first, second and third NLF congresses, 1965-67. After South Yemen gained independence in 1967 he was appointed Minister of Culture and Yemeni Unity. In the fourth NLF congress he was instrumental in determining the progressive line of the revolution. But in March 1968 he was arrested by the right wing of the NLF and went into exile, where he drafted the program for Accomplishing National Democratic Liberation, a leftist manifesto. He undertook a leading role in the consolidation of left wing of NLF which subsequently regained power in the 22 June 1969 "Correction Step."
Subsequent to the "Correction Step" Ismail was elected Secretary General of the NLF Central Committee, and a member of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council. In 1970 he was elected Chairman of Presidium. He undertook a leading role in the dialogue between NLF and other left parties in south Yemen leading to the formation of the Yemen Socialist Party (YSP). He was elected Secretary General of the YSP in the first party congress in October 1978.
In 1980 he resigned from all his posts for health reasons and was succeeded by Ali Nasser Muhammad. However, Ismail was appointed president of the party before he went to Moscow for medical treatment, until 1985, when he returned in the face of a mounting crisis between Ali Nasser Muhammad and his opponents in the YSP.
In October 1985 he was elected to the YSP Politburo and as a Secretary of the Central Committee, but the crisis had erupted on January 13, 1986, into a violent struggle in Aden between Ali Nasir's supporters and opponents. Fighting lasted for more than a month and resulted in thousands of casualties, Ali Nasir's ouster, and Ismail's mysterious disappearance. Some 60,000 people, including the deposed Ali Nasir, fled to north Yemen.
| Preceded by Ali Nasir Muhammad |
President of South Yemen 1978–1980 |
Succeeded by Ali Nasir Muhammad |
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References
In English
- Russian political detective series (2006) after A.Konstantinov's novel "The Journalist" (1996) with its fictionalized version of the events[unreliable source?]
In Arabic
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