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Habar Gidir, other Hawiye clans |
Abgaal (Somali: Abgaal, Arabic: أبغال) is a Somali clan, and part of the major Hawiye clan. Its members live in the Shabeellaha Dhexe, Galguduud, Banaadir, Mudug and Shabeellaha Hoose regions of Central and southern Somalia. Abgaal Somalis have played an important role in the nation's capital, Mogadishu, where they constitute the majority of Hawiye sub-clans. In Mogadishu today, all clans are Hiraab subclans, but the Abgaal form the majority.[citation needed] Abgaals consider Xamar (Mogadishu) as their traditional territory.[1]
Abgaal is one subclan of the Mudulood family, which also includes Udeejeen or Ciise, Wacweytan, Darandoole, Daroo Mudulood, Hiilebi, Wacdaan Osman, Wadalaan Osman, Moobleen Osman, Lilawaay and Abgaal Osman.[2]
Contents |
Yaquub Sultanate
The emergence of the Imamate of Yaaquub in Mogadishu is related to the tyrannical rule of the Ajuran in the interior, and the attraction of the growing Mogadishu wealth as a consequence of its thriving trade controlled by the Muzzaffar dynasty which was allied to the Ajuran in the interior.
Mogadishu Kingdom 900 - 1860 AD
First Sultan of the Mogadishu Kingdom Rulers from 700 - 1860 AD
- Sultan Daamey Ali (Xume) Axmed
- Sultan Cumar father of Abu bakr
- Sultan Abu Bakr
- Sultan Axmad I
- Sultan Maxammad I
- Sultan Axmad II
- Sultan Maxmud
- Sultan Cali
- Sultan Cismaan
- Sultan Muxammad II
- Sultan Axmad III-1860
- Sultan Hassan Abdulqadir Haji
Clan tree
There is no clear agreement on the clan and sub-clan structures and many lineages are omitted. The following listing is taken from the World Bank's Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics from 2005 and the United Kingdom's Home Office publication, Somalia Assessment 2001.[3][4]
- Hawiye
- Gaaljal
- Hawadle
- Abgaal (Abgal)
- Harti
- Angonyar
- Warsangeli
- Abokor
- Wabudhan
- Da'oud
- Rer Mattan
- Mohamed Muse
- Wa'esli
- Harti
- Murosade
- Sheekhaal (Sheikal)
- Habar Gidir (Haber Gedir)
- Sa'ad
- Suleiman
- Ayr
- Sarur
- Waadan
In the south central part of Somalia the World Bank shows the following clan tree:[5]
- Hawiye
- Karanle
- Murusade
- Gorgate
- Abgal
- Habargidir (Habar Gidir)
- Sheikhal (Sheekhaal)
- Duduble
- Ujeien
- Gugun-Dhabe
- Rarane
- Haskul
- Jambeele
- Hawadle
- Galje'el
- Ajuran
- Dagodi
- Karanle
In Puntland the World Bank shows the following:[6]
- Hawiye
- Habar Gidir
- Abgall
- Biyamaal
- Hawaadle
- Murursade
- Ujuuran
Traditional
- Imam Mohamud Imam Cumar ,Is the Imam Of Mudulood and also carries the dual position of The Traditional Imam of Hiraab.[ref][21].
Poetry
Abgaal are perhaps the only Somali clan with its own special poetical genres - the guurow and the shirib - that differ from those of the other Somalis. The language of their poets is often characterised by an admixture of dialectal features. As an example of iyo with long -o, consider the following line from a famous guurow by Cabdulle Geedannaar. It scans properly (the same as a gabay) only if iyo counts as v-, which is also how the poet sings it:[7]
- Baasayna haystaan iyo, marasho biid biid ah
- And they have money and fashionable dresses
Two major poetical genres of the Abgaal are:
The badar-tumid
In the farming areas of Middle and Lower Shabeelle women of the Abgaal and related clans often pound sorghum and other edible grains to the tune of a special kind of work song, known as a grain-pounding song or badar-tumid. A few examples of its lines are shown below:[8]
- Kurta loogu shubaa
- Caana geel ku caddaaw
- Maakhiidaa la yiraa
- Keena-keena rag waaye
- Karisooy naag waaye
- (And) it is poured in their dish
- Become white with camel milk!
- She is said to be a good housewife
- Those who always bring things (keena-keene) are the men
- The one who cooks is the woman
The shirib
This term is used in several areas inhabited by Somalis for different kinds of short songs, often connected with dancing. Typically, however, it refers to a genre of short verse composed by the Abgaal and related clans in the non-Maay-speaking regions of central Somalia. Shiribs are sung during clan or family meetings as well as other gatherings. Often they are improvised in poetic contests. The best surveys on this genre are Maxamad Cosoble M. and Caasha.
- Tagtaada tuug haddow yaqaan
- Afar walxaad o ta’ ku taal
- Dhiishaase ninba meel dhigtaa
- Dhicis lagama dhur sugoo
- If a thief knows your wealth
- Four things that are in it
- But everybody stores his own milk vessel in its proper place
- One doesn’t expect offspring from a stillbirth
Abgaal Folklores
The following folklore provided by Enrico Cerulli in his book " How a Hawiye Tribe Used to Live," narrates the traditional beliefs of the Abgaal regarding the origins of their clan:
The mother of Hirabä was Faduma Karanle. The mother of Abgaal was Faduma Sargellä, who was an Ajuuraan. She was espoused by ‘Isman Darandollä. By him she had a son, who was called by the name ‘Ali ‘Isman. Later one went to Sargellä Garën. A learned old man went to him. He said: ‘O noble Sargellä, I saw in the books that the children of the boy born to your daughter Faduma will chase your children from the earth. I saw it in the books.’ ‘Did you see these things?’ ‘Yes, I saw them,’ he answered. ‘So be it!’ the noble Sargellä replied; and into his heart came the thought: ‘Rather than that your children, whom you have begotten, be killed, the son of your daughter might rather die!’ This came into his heart. After this he prepared two different amulets, one good and one bad. The bad one would kill the one who drank it. The good one would protect from any evil of this world. Then he went to his daughter. ‘My Faduma, I am bringing you these two amulets: this one here — and it was the good one — you drink; and the other one — and it was the bad one — give to your son ‘Ali ‘Isman!’ The girl took the two amulets; but when it came to drinking them, she made a mistake! Faduma Sargellä drank the bad one and died immediately. ‘Ali ‘Ismän drank the good one and survived. Sargellä went back to the hut and saw his daughter dead. And the boy, when he heard his grandfather arrive, ran to the side of a saddle camel and hid behind it. ‘Oh ‘Ali, oh ‘Ali! Come! I am your grandfather!’ Sargellä cried out, looking for the boy. ‘You are not my grandfather ( abkäy ), my grandfather is the camels.’ The camels ( gel ) in the language of one time were called gal . So afterwards he (‘Ali ‘Isman) had the name of Ab-gal (‘Camel-grandfather’).[9]
The tradition substantially recalls the ancient fights between the Abgaal, nomadic pastoralists who from places farther north tried to open a way to the river, and the Aguran, who dominated the region of the Middle Webi. This historical content, of course, has been adapted in popular dress with the theme, so widespread in the folklore of quite different peoples, of the prediction of the unborn child destined to drive the reigning prince from the throne.[9]
Prominent members of the Abgaal
- Nur Hassan Husein, former Prime Minister of the Transitional Federal Government
- Hussein Kulmiye Afrah, vice-president of Somalia under the Siad Barre regime.
- Salaad Gabeyre Kediye, Major General in the Somali Military, and Chairman of the Somali Revolution Kacdoonkii Soomaaliyeed
- Sharif Ahmed, President of Somalia, former Commander-in-chief of the Islamic Courts Union
- Ismail Jim'ale Osoble, Somali lawyer and Minister of Information in the government of Aden Abdulle Osman
- Mohamed Omar Habeb Dhere, warlord, governor and mayor of Banadir and Mogadishu
- Omar Muhamoud Finnish, leader of a splinter movement of the United Somali Congress/Somali Salvation Alliance
- Ali Mohammed Ghedi, Former Prime Minister of the Transitional Federal Government.
- General Daud Abdulle Hirsi, first commander-in-chief of the Somali National Army Forces
- Salad Ali Jelle, Deputy Minister of Defense of the Transitional Federal Government
- Ali Mahdi Muhammad, president of Somalia from January - November 1991
- Musa Sudi Yalahow, warlord who served as Trade Minister in the Transitional Federal Government.
- Ali Jimale,Phd Scholar from the university of California currently an educator at the City University of New York
- Ahmed Maxamed Xasan, Lieutenant Colonel in the Somali Airforce who defused the mig-17 jet fighter bombs.[10][11]
- Mohamud Siad Togane, Somali-Canadian poet, professor, and political activist
- Adde Gabow (Mohamed Ali Hassan), politician
- Abukar Umar Adani, Islamist, wealthy business man who used to control the El-ma`an beach area which served as Mogadishu's port since the closure in 1995 of the city's main port.[12]
- Bashir Raghe Shiiraar, secular warlord who was a Member of the dysfunctional US-backed Alliance for Peace and the Fight Against International Terrorism.[12]
- Sheikh Ali Dhere, cleric and the head of the first Islamic Courts Union in northern Mogadishu in 1996.[13]
- Farah Weheliye Addow (Sindiko), former Vice President of the Confederation of African Football.[14][15]
- Abdulahi Ahmed Afrah, Minister of Commerce[16][17]
- Abdi Mohamed Ulusso, Phd holder,intellectual and 2003 somali Presidential candidate.[18]
- Hussein Hagi Bood, politician and Ex minister of National planning 1977-81 [19][20]
- Hilowle Imam Omar, politician, former co-chairman of the (Somali Reconciliation and Reconstruction Council) (SRRC) Party.[18][21][22]
- Mohamed Ali Ameriko, Somali ambassador to Kenya.[23]
- Ayub Daud, professional Footballer current playing Juventus
- Hussein Sheikh Ahmed Kaddare, orthographer and the inventor of the Kadariya Script.[24][25]
- Abdulle Geedannaar, poet[26]
- Sheekh Ahmed Gabyow, poet[27]
- Abukar Mahdi Mudey Qashow Mahdi, Business man & politician [26]
- Mohamed Ali Hassan Macali, Frist Coach build Waxool Basketball team man & women[28]
References
- ^ Jimale Ahmed, Ali (2002). "Nuruddin Farah and the (Re)Writing of Somali Historiography: Narrative as a Politically Symbolic Act". in Derek Wright. Emerging Perspectives on Nuruddin Fara. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press. p. 234. ISBN 0865439192. http://books.google.com/books?id=7IEDpL41t3oC&pg=PA234&vq=abgaal&dq=Emerging+Perspectives+on+Nuruddin+Farah&source=gbs_search_s&sig=ACfU3U3vPIaa6XKJdWIf7gtIUw4C6KQwOg. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics, January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.55 Figure A-1
- ^ http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/somalia/ind01b_somalia_ca.pdf Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain, Somalia Assessment 2001, Annex B: Somali Clan Structure], p. 43
- ^ Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics, January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.56 Figure A-2
- ^ Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics, January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.57 Figure A-3
- ^ 21
- ^ 22
- ^ a b Enrico, Cerulli, How a Hawiye tribe used to live, Chapter 4, scritti vari editi ed inediti, Vol. 2, edited by Enrico Cerulli, Roma
- ^ [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ a b [4]
- ^ [5]
- ^ [6]
- ^ [7]
- ^ [8]
- ^ [9]
- ^ a b [10]
- ^ [11]
- ^ [12]
- ^ [13]
- ^ [14]
- ^ [15]
- ^ [16]
- ^ [17]
- ^ a b [18]
- ^ [19]
- ^ [20]
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