(1819-93) Union army officer and graduate of West Point, born in Ballston Spa, New York. Doubleday served at Monterrey (1846) and Buena Vista (1847) during the Mexican War (1846-48) and also participated in military campaigns against the Apaches in the Southwest and the Seminoles in Florida. Doubleday claimed to have aimed and ordered the first retaliatory shot from Fort Sumter at the time of its bombardment (1861). His brigade saw action at the Second Battle of Bull Run and he led his division in the battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg (all 1862). A brigade under his command at Gettysburg (1863), his last major battle, played a key role in repelling the final Confederate assault. He held administrative duties in Washington for the remainder of the war, and retired from the military in 1873.
Although Doubleday is popularly recognized as the inventor of baseball, scholars of the game have largely discredited the claim.See the Introduction, Abbreviations and Pronunciation for further details.