Abscesses of the periodontium

Abscesses of the periodontium are localized acute bacterial infections^[1] classified primarily based on location.^[2]

Types

There are four types of abscesses associated with the periodontal tissues:^[1]

1. gingival abscesses
2. periodontal abscesses
3. pericoronal abscesses
4. combined periodontal/endodontic abscesses

The fourth type will be dealt with in its own article because of its often distinct etiology.

Gingival abscess

A gingival abscess between the lower left canine and first premolar.

An abscess of the periodontal tissue is termed a gingival abscess when the localized, purulent infection involves only the soft gum tissue near the marginal gingiva or the interdental papilla.^[1]

Periodontal abscess

An abscess of the periodontal tissue is termed a periodontal abscess when the localized, purulent infection involves a greater dimension of the gum tissue, extending apically and adjacent to a periodontal pocket.^[1] Such a lesion may contribute to destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.^[2]

Pericoronal abscess

An abscess of the periodontal tissue is termed a pericoronal abscess when the localized, purulent infection exists within the gum tissue surrounding the crown of a partially or fully erupted tooth.^[1] This is also referred to as pericoronitis.

Clinical presentation

All three of these types of abscesses will present as red, swollen lesions that are painful to touch.^[1] They may possess a shiny surface representative of the stretching of the mucosa over the abscess. Pus may be present.

Treatment

Treatment for any of these lesions include incision and drainage, and perhaps inclusion of an antibiotic regimen.^[1]

References