Acanthocyte

(pathology) A crenated red cell which has a distinctive spiky outline.

A red blood cell characterized by multiple spiny cytoplasmic projections and found in acanthocytosis. Also called acanthrocyte.

An erythrocyte with protoplasmic projections giving it a thorny appearance; may be seen in dogs with liver disease and related disturbances of lipid metabolism and in dogs with hemangiosarcoma. Morphologically similar to spur cells, but biochemically distinct. See also spur-cell anemia.

The noun has one meaning:

Meaning #1: an abnormal red blood cell that has thorny projections of protoplasm

For the stellate cells found on the hyphae of fungi of the genus Stropharia, see Acanthocyte (mycology).

Acanthocytosis in a patient with abetalipoproteinemia.

Acanthocyte, In human biology and medicine, refers to a form of red blood cells with spikes on it.^[1] Acanthocytosis is the condition with acanthocyte-like red blood cells.^[2]

These cells are coarse and irregularly crenellated resembling many-pointed stars. They are seen on blood films in, among others, abetalipoproteinemia^[3] , liver disease, chorea acanthocytosis, McLeod syndrome and several inherited neurological disorders, such as neuroacanthocytosis.^{[citation needed]}

The term "Echinocyte" (or "burr cell") is similar in meaning to "Acanthocyte", but implies more moderate spiculation.^[4]

References

1. ^ acanthocyte at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
2. ^ Wrongdiagnosis --> Acanthocytosis Retrieved on October 12, 2009
3. ^ Cooper RA, Durocher JR, Leslie MH (July 1977). "Decreased fluidity of red cell membrane lipids in abetalipoproteinemia". J. Clin. Invest. 60 (1): 115–21. doi:10.1172/JCI108747. PMID 874076. PMC 372349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI108747. 
4. ^ "Spiculated cells (echinocytes and acanthocytes) and target cells". http://www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=~fOTUYEkkyXsiy6M. Retrieved 2009-06-16. 

External links

• Acanthocyte: Presented by the University of Virginia
• MeSH Acanthocytes
• Slide at marist.edu

v • d • e Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for blood tests (R70-R79, 790) Red blood cells Size Macrocyte · Microcyte · Anisocytosis Shape (Poikilocyte) membrane abnormalities: Acanthocyte · Codocyte · Ovalocyte · Spherocyte trauma: Dacrocyte · Schistocyte Inclusion bodies developmental organelles (Howell-Jolly body, Basophilic stippling, Pappenheimer bodies, Cabot rings) abnormal hemoglobin precipitation (Heinz body) Other Rouleaux · Reticulocyte · Elevated ESR Lymphocytes Smudge cell · Downey cell Small molecules blood sugar: Abnormal glucose tolerance test · Hyperglycemia · Impaired glucose tolerance · Prediabetes nitrogenous: Azotemia · Hyperuricemia · Hypouricemia Proteins Elevated transaminases · Elevated alkaline phosphatase · Elevated cardiac markers · Elevated alpha-fetoprotein · Hypoproteinemia (Hypoalbuminemia) Minerals Iron overload disorder Pathogens/sepsis Bacteremia · Viremia · Fungemia · Parasitemia · Algaemia see also blood tests

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