Acknowledgment

In the creative arts and scientific literature, an acknowledgment (also spelled acknowledgement) is an expression of gratitude for assistance in creating a literary or artistic work.

Receiving credit by way of acknowledgment rather than authorship indicates that the person or organization did not have a direct hand in producing the work in question, but may have contributed funding, criticism, or encouragement to the author(s). Various schemes exist for classifying acknowledgments; Cronin, et. al (1992) give the following six categories:

1. moral support
2. financial support
3. editorial support
4. presentational support
5. instrumental/technical support
6. conceptual support, or peer interactive communication (PIC)

Apart from citation, which is not usually considered to be an acknowledgment, acknowledgment of conceptual support is widely considered to be the most important for identifying intellectual debt. Some acknowledgments of financial support, on the other hand, may simply be legal formalities imposed by the granting institution.

References

• Isaac G. Councill, C. Lee Giles, Hui Han, and Eren Manavoglu. Automatic Acknowledgement Indexing: Expanding the Semantics of Contribution in the CiteSeer Digital Library. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Knowledge Capture (K-CAP 2005). ACM Press, New York, NY, 19–26. ISBN 1-59593-163-5.
• B. Cronin, G. McKenzie, and M. Stiffler. Patterns of acknowledgement. Journal of Documentation, 48(2):107–122, 1992.
• C. Lee Giles and Isaac G. Councill. Who gets acknowledged: Measuring scientific contributions through automatic acknowledgment indexing. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101(51):17599–17604, 21 December 2004. ISSN 0027-8424.

See also

• Acknowledgment index
• Attribution
• Authorship
• Billing (filmmaking)
• Character generator
• Citation
• Closing credits
• Credit (creative arts)
• Digital on-screen graphic (BUG)
• Lower third
• Opening credits
• Title sequence
• WGA screenwriting credit system