Actinin
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a minor protein constituent of muscle, found to be concentrated in both the Z line and the I band. Two components of actinin have been identified: α-actinin, F-actin cross-linking protein, a dimer of ~200 kDa with an action similar to that of actinogelin.;and β-actinin, a dimer of ~70 kDa, similar in action to gelsolin.
| actinidine, actinic, actin-binding protein | |
| actinogelin, actinoid, actinomycin |
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Actinin
Actinin is a microfilament protein. α-Actinin is necessary for the attachment of actin filaments to the Z-lines in skeletal muscle cells, and to the dense bodies in smooth muscle cells. The functional protein is an anti-parallel dimer, which cross-links the thin filaments in adjacent sarcomeres, and therefore coordinated contractions between sarcomeres in the horizontal axis.
The non-sarcomeric α-actinins (ACTN1 and ACTN4) are widely expressed. Both ends of the rod-shaped α-actinin dimer contain actin-binding domains.
Mutations in ACTN4 can cause the kidney disease focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
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Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry
Oxford University Press. Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology © 1997, 2000, 2006 All rights reserved.
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