Actinomycetales

Actinomycetales
Scanning electron micrograph of Actinomyces israelii.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Actinobacteria Class: Actinobacteria Subclass: Actinobacteridae Order: Actinomycetales Buchanan, 1917
Suborders/Families
Actinomycineae Actinomycetaceae Corynebacterineae Corynebacteriaceae Dietziaceae Gordoniaceae Mycobacteriaceae Nocardiaceae Tsukamurellaceae Williamsiaceae Frankineae Acidothermaceae Frankiaceae Geodermatophilaceae Kineosporiaceae Microsphaeraceae Sporichthyaceae Glycomycineae Glycomycetaceae Micrococcineae Beutenbergiaceae Bogoriellaceae Brevibacteriaceae Cellulomonadaceae Dermabacteraceae Dermatophilaceae Dermacoccaceae Intrasporangiaceae Jonesiaceae Microbacteriaceae Micrococcaceae Promicromonosporaceae Rarobacteraceae Sanguibacteraceae Micromonosporineae Micromonosporaceae Propionibacterineae Nocardioidaceae Propionibacteriaceae Pseudonocardineae Actinosynnemataceae Pseudonocardiaceae Streptomycineae Streptomycetaceae Streptosporangineae Nocardiopsaceae Streptosporangiaceae Thermomonosporaceae

Actinomycetales is an order of Actinobacteria. They are very diverse and contain a variety of subdivisions as well as yet unclassified isolates. This is mainly because some genera are very difficult to classify because of a highly niche-dependent phenotype. For example Nocardia contains several species that were first believed to be distinct species before it was proven that their difference is purely depending on their growth conditions.

Classification difficult

Actinomycetales are Gram positive, however several species have complex cell wall structures that makes the gram staining unsuitable. Examples: Mycobacteriaceae

Pathogenic Familiae

Several Actinomycetales are pathogenic to humans or animals, plants or other cells. Among them, the leading killer of humans is Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Biotechnologically exploited Familiae

Some species are used in industry and pharma-research because of their properties. Streptomycetaceae have a unique cell morphology, cell cycle and a variety of antibiotics they produce were essential for today's antibiotic discoveries. Corynebacteriaceae, especially Corynebacterium glutamicum is used in biotechnology for production.

External links

• Actinomycetales
• List of all proteins in UniProt from Actinomycetales