Action Party

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Action Party Partito d'Azione
Former leaders	Ferruccio Parri, Ugo La Malfa, Emilio Lussu
Founded	July 14, 1942 (1942-07-14)
Dissolved	April 25, 1947 (1947-04-25)
Newspaper	L'Italia Libera
Membership  (1945)	? (max)
Ideology	Liberal socialism
Politics of Italy Political parties Elections

The Action Party (Partito d'Azione, PdA) was an Italian liberal socialist political party.^[1]

History

Founded in July 1942 by former militants of Giustizia e Libertà ("Justice and Liberty"), liberal socialists, democrats. Ideologically they were heirs to the "Liberal Socialism" of Carlo Rosselli and to Piero Gobetti's "Liberal Revolution", whose writings rejected Marxist "economic determinism" and aimed at the overcoming of class struggle and for a new shape of Socialism, respect for civil liberty and for radical change in both the social and the economic structure of Italy. From January 1943 it published a clandestine newspaper, L'Italia Libera ("Free Italy"), edited by Leone Ginzburg.

Central members of the National Liberation Committee, they participated actively in the Italian resistance movement with units of Giustizia e Libertà commanded by Ferruccio Parri. It maintained a clear antimonarchical position and it was opposed to Togliatti and the Italian Communist Party's Salerno Initiative for postwar governance. The party adopted the symbol of a flaming sword.

In the immediate post-war period it joined the government securing the post of Prime Minister for Ferruccio Parri from June to November 1945. However as a result of the internal conflict between the democratic-reformist line of Ugo La Malfa and the socialist line of Emilio Lussu, combined with the electoral defeat of 1946, the party folded. Unwillingness of the "Actionists" to work with reviving political parties "tainted by association with Fascism" also resulted in the decline of the Partito d'Azione. The main group of former members, led by Riccardo Lombardi, joined the Italian Socialist Party, while the Malfa group entered the Italian Republican Party.

Prominent members

• Giorgio Agosti
• Giorgio Bassani
• Riccardo Bauer
• Norberto Bobbio
• Andrea Caffi
• Piero Calamandrei
• Guido Calogero
• Aldo Capitini
• Nicola Chiaromonte
• Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of the Italian Republic (1999–2006)
• Tristano Codignola
• Enrico Cuccia
• Guido Dorso
• Francesco de Martino
• Enzo Enriques Agnoletti
• Oriana Fallaci
• Vittorio Foa
• Alessandro Galante Garrone
• Ettore Gallo
• Aldo Garosci
• Leone Ginzburg
• Natalia Ginzburg
• Ugo La Malfa
• Massimo Mila
• Carlo Levi
• Primo Levi
• Riccardo Lombardi
• Emilio Lussu
• Raffaele Mattioli
• Ferruccio Parri, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Italy (1945)
• Ernesto Rossi
• Manlio Rossi Doria
• Joyce Salvadori Lussu
• Gaetano Salvemini
• Altiero Spinelli
• Alberto Tarchiani
• Adolfo Tino
• Silvio Trentin
• Leo Valiani
• Franco Venturi
• Paolo Vittorelli
• Bruno Zevi

See also

• Liberalism and radicalism in Italy
• Italian resistance movement

References

Sources

• Website of the Italian Resistance Historical Society,[1], including in-depth bios, recent remembrances, and selections from party documents.

• Historical Dictionary entry from Paravia Mondadori Editori, an Italian Educational publishing house: [2].

v t e National Liberation Committee of Italy Parties Christian Democracy, Italian Socialist Party, Italian Communist Party, Italian Liberal Party, Action Party, Labour Democratic Party Armed forces Garibaldi Brigades, Autonomous Brigades, Justice and Liberty Brigades, Matteotti Brigades, People's Brigades Prime Ministers Ivanoe Bonomi, Ferruccio Parri, Alcide De Gasperi

v t e Historical Italian political parties (current parties) Communist Communist Party of Italy, Italian Communist Party, Organisation of Communists of Italy (Marxist-Leninists), Proletarian Unity Party, Proletarian Democracy, Movement of Unitarian Communists Socialist and social-democratic Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party, Italian Labour Party, Italian Socialist Party, Independent Socialist Party, Italian Reform Socialist Party, United Socialist Party (1922), Labour Democratic Party, Social Christian Party, United Socialist Party (1949), Italian Democratic Socialist Party, Unified Socialist Party, Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity, Democratic Party of the Left/Democrats of the Left, Italian Socialists/Italian Democratic Socialists Green Green Lists, Rainbow Greens Social-liberal Radical Party (1877), Constitutional Democratic Party, Democratic Liberal Party, Reform Democratic Party, Italian Social Democratic Party, Italian Republican Party, Party of Italian Peasants, Action Party, Republican Democratic Concentration, Community Movement, Radical Party (1955), Democratic Alliance, Democratic Union, Movement for Democracy – The Net, The Democrats, European Republicans Movement Centrist Patto Segni, Italian Renewal, United Consumers, Southern Democratic Party, Middle-of-the-Road Italy, Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy Christian-democratic Italian People's Party (1919), Christian Democracy, Italian People's Party (1994), Christian Democratic Centre, United Christian Democrats, Christian Democrats for the Republic, Democratic Union for the Republic, European Democracy Conservative-liberal Italian Liberal Party, Italian Unionist Movement, National Democratic Alliance, Union of the Centre, Forza Italia, Liberal Party Conservative Party of Combatants, Economic Party, Front of the Ordinary Man, Monarchist National Party, People's Monarchist Party, Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity, National Democracy, National Alliance Fascist and post-fascist National Fascist Party, Republican Fascist Party, Italian Social Movement, National Front, National Social Front, National Vanguard , Italian Nationalist Association Coalitions Leftist coalitions: Popular Democratic Front, Alliance of Progressives, The Left – The Rainbow Centre-left coalitions: Socialist Unity, The Olive Tree, The Sunflower, The Union, Rose in the Fist Centrist coalitions: Pact for Italy, Pact of Democrats Centre-right coalitions: National Democratic Union, National Bloc, Pole of Freedoms, Pole of Good Government, House of Freedoms Rightist coalitions: National Bloc of Freedom Neo-fascist coalitions: Social Alternative