Acyl carrier protein
McGraw-Hill Science & Technology Dictionary:
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acyl carrier protein
(′a·səl ′kar·ē·ər ′prō′tēn)
(biochemistry) A protein in fatty acid synthesis that picks up aceytl and malonyl groups from acetyl coenzyme A and malonyl coenzyme A and links them by condensation to form β-keto acid acyl carrier protein, releasing carbon dioxide and the sulfhydryl form of acyl carrier protein. Abbreviated ACP.
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Acyl carrier protein
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Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry:
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acyl carrier protein
abbr.: ACP; any of the relatively small acidic proteins that are associated with the fatty acid synthase system of many organisms, from bacteria to plants. They contain one 4′-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group bound covalently by a phosphate ester bond to the hydroxyl group of a serine residue. The sulfhydryl group of the 4′-phosphopantetheine moiety serves as an anchor to which acyl intermediates are (thio)esterified during fatty-acid synthesis. In animals, the fatty acid synthase system is a 500 kDa polyfunctional enzyme containing two identical chains, each with one ACP unit. Escherichia coli ACP, a separate single protein, contains 77 amino-acid residues (8.85 kDa); the phosphopantetheine group is linked to serine 36.
| acyl, acyclovir, acycloguanosine | |
| acyl enzyme, acyl migration, acyl-CoA |
Wikipedia on Answers.com:
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Acyl carrier protein
The acyl carrier protein (ACP) is an important component in both fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis with the growing chain bound during synthesis as a thiol ester at the distal thiol of a 4'-phosphopantethiene moiety. The protein is expressed in the inactive apo form and the 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety must be post-translationally attached to a conserved serine residue on the ACP by the action of holo-acyl carrier protein synthase (ACPS), a phosphopantetheinyl transferase.
4'-Phosphopantetheine is an essential prosthetic group of several acyl carrier proteins involved in pathways of primary and secondary metabolism including the acyl carrier proteins (ACP) of fatty acid synthases, ACPs of polyketide synthases, and peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP) and aryl carrier proteins (ArCP) of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). Phosphopantetheine fulfills two demands in these biosynthetic pathways. First, the intermediates remain covalently linked to the synthases (or synthetases) in an energy-rich linkage. Second, the flexibility and length of the phosphopantetheine chain (approximately 2 nm) allows the covalently tethered intermediates to have access to spatially distinct enzyme-active sites. This increases the effective molarity of the intermediate and allows an assembly line-like process.
The ACPs are small negatively charged α-helical bundle proteins with a high degree of structural and amino acid similarity. The structures of a number of acyl carrier proteins have been solved using various NMR and crystallography techniques.
The ACPs are related in structure and mechanism to the peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP) from nonribosomal peptide synthases.
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McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms. Copyright © 2003, 1994, 1989, 1984, 1978, 1976, 1974 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Computer Desktop Encyclopedia
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All other reproduction is strictly prohibited without permission from the publisher.
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Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry
Oxford University Press. Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology © 1997, 2000, 2006 All rights reserved.
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