adenosinetriphosphatase

or ATP phosphohydrolase or ATPase

any of several hundred enzymes catalyzing hydrolysis of ATP to ADP plus orthophosphate. Several types of ATPase are recognized.

• 1. ATPases functioning in the active transport of substances across membranes. These can be classified as: (a) P-type ATPases, which undergo phosphorylation at an aspartate residue during the transport cycle and transport mostly cations (H⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Mg²⁺), but also Cl⁻ and aminophospholipids (EC 3.6.3.1-3.6.3.13, 3.6.3.53 or TC 3.A.3.1.1-3.A.3.9.3); (b) ATPase exporting arsenite anions from bacteria (EC 3.6.3.16 or TC 3.A.4.1.1); (c) the multisubunit or two-sector ATPases transporting H⁺ and Na⁺ ions (EC 3.6.3.14-3.6.3.15 or TC 3.A.2.1.1-3.A.2.3.1); (d) the ABC-type ATPases (see also ABC transporter) transporting a variety of substances, from nutrient molecules in bacteria to xenobiotics in eukaryotic organisms (EC 3.6.3.17-3.6.3.49 or TC 3.A.1.1.1-3.A.1.210.5); (e) enzymes or enzyme complexes participating in the transport of macromolecules (EC 3.6.3.50-3.6.3.52 or TC families 3.A.5-3.A.11).
• 2. ATPases functioning in cellular and subcellular movement, such as myosin (EC 3.6.4.1), dynein (EC 3.6.4.2), and others (EC 3.6.4.3-3.6.4.11).

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