List of demonyms for U.S. states
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List of demonyms for U.S. states
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This is a list of terms, not manifestly pejorative, which are used, or have been used in the past, to designate the residents of specific U.S. states.
| State | Official (recommended by United States Government Printing Office)[1] | Official, unofficial or informal alternates | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Alabamian | Alabaman[2][3] | |
| Alaska | Alaskan | Ice Chipper | |
| Arizona | Arizonan | Arizonian[2], Sand Cutter[4] | |
| Arkansas | Arkansan | Arkansawyer (favored particularly by some native residents)[5], Arkie [6] | |
| California | Californian | ||
| Colorado | Coloradan | Coloradoan (archaic)[7][8] | |
| Connecticut | Connecticuter | Nutmegger[2], Connecticotian, Connecticutensian[9], Connecticutian | |
| Delaware | Delawarean | Blue Hen's Chicken, Muskrat[10] | |
| District of Columbia | Washingtonian | ||
| Florida | Floridian | Floridan | |
| Georgia | Georgian | Buzzard, Goober-grabber, Sand-hiller[11] | |
| Hawaii | Hawaiian | Malihini (newcomer)[2], Kamaʻāina (native-born nonethnic Hawaiian)[2], Hawaii Resident, Islander[12] | |
| Idaho | Idahoan | Idahoer | |
| Illinois | Illinoisan | Illinoisian, Flatlander, Sand-hiller, Egyptian[13] | |
| Indiana | Indianan | Hoosier[14] (official state designation), Indianian[2] (archaic) | |
| Iowa | Iowan | Hawkeye, Iowegian | |
| Kansas | Kansan | Sunflower, Grasshopper[15] | |
| Kentucky | Kentuckian | ||
| Louisiana | Louisianan | Louisianais (in French) | |
| Maine | Mainer | Down Easter or Downeaster[16], Mainiac[17], Pine Tree, Fox[citation needed], Lumberjack[10] | |
| Maryland | Marylander | ||
| Massachusetts | Massachusettsan | Sal, Bay Stater (official term used by state government)[18], Massachusite (traditional)[19][20], | |
| Michigan | Michiganian | Michigander[2], Michiganer, Michiganese, Michigine, Wolverine[21][22], Michiganite[23], Yooper/Troll (for residents of the Upper Peninsula and Lower Peninsula, respectively)[24] | |
| Minnesota | Minnesotan | Mud Duck | |
| Mississippi | Mississippian | Stumpjumper | |
| Missouri | Missourian | Bushwacker | |
| Montana | Montanan | ||
| Nebraska | Nebraskan | Cornhusker | |
| Nevada | Nevadan | Nevadian[2] | |
| New Hampshire | New Hampshirite | Granite Boy, New Hampshireman[25] | |
| New Jersey | New Jerseyan | New Jerseyite[2] | |
| New Mexico | New Mexican | Nuevomexicano | |
| New York | New Yorker | ||
| North Carolina | North Carolinian | Tar Boiler[26], Tar Heel, North Carolinan | |
| North Dakota | North Dakotan | ||
| Ohio | Ohioan | Buckeye[27] | |
| Oklahoma | Oklahoman | Okie[28], Sooner[29] | |
| Oregon | Oregonian | Oregoner | |
| Pennsylvania | Pennsylvanian | Pennamite[30], Coal Cracker | |
| Rhode Island | Rhode Islander | Swamp Yankee[31] | |
| South Carolina | South Carolinian | Sand Lapper, South Carolinan | |
| South Dakota | South Dakotan | ||
| Tennessee | Tennessean | Volunteer, Big Bender, Butternut[32] | |
| Texas | Texan | Texian (Anglo-Texan - historical)[33], Tejano (Mexican-Texan) | |
| Utah | Utahn | Utonian, Utahan[2], Utard | |
| Vermont | Vermonter | ||
| Virginia | Virginian | ||
| Washington | Washingtonian | ||
| West Virginia | West Virginian | Mountaineer | |
| Wisconsin | Wisconsinite | Cheesehead,[34][35] Wisconsinian, Sconnie, Badger | |
| Wyoming | Wyomingite | Wyoman |
See also
- Demonym
- List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
- List of U.S. state nicknames
- Names for U.S. citizens
References
- ^ United States Government Printing Office Style Manual (2000), §5.23, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2008_style_manual&docid=f:chapter5.pdf
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j SHG Resources, http://www.shgresources.com/resources/symbols/names/residentnames/
- ^ William Safire, On Language: Foam Fell on Alabama, New York Times, June 26, 1994. Safire reports that after he used the word "Alabaman" in a column, he received a letter from Vic Gold that said in part, "The natives, I have learned to my sorrow, prefer Alabamian."
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/az_intro.htm
- ^ "Arkansawyer definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta". Archived from the original on 2009-10-31. http://www.webcitation.org/5kwtEUWxV.
- ^ http://dictionary.infoplease.com/arkie
- ^ Writers Style Guide, Colorado State University, page 62, accessed January 2, 2009: "The correct name for a person from Colorado is Coloradan (not Coloradoan)."
- ^ Ed Quillen, Coloradan or Coloradoan?, The Denver Post, March 18, 2007
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ct_intro.htm
- ^ a b http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/de_intro.htm
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ga_intro.htm
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/hi_intro.htm
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/il_intro.htm
- ^ The term Hoosier is the official state designation for a state resident. The term was once considered derogatory, but is now a point of pride for Hoosiers. See the Indiana Historical Bureau article entitled What is a Hoosier? for the origin of the term.
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ks_intro.htm
- ^ The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2007. New York: World Almanac Books. 2006. ISBN# 978-0-88687-995-2
- ^ Mainiac, Time magazine, Monday, Jun. 20, 1938 (term used in reference to Maine author Kenneth Roberts)
- ^ "Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 2, Section 35: Designation of citizens of commonwealth". The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. http://www.mass.gov/legis/laws/mgl/2-35.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-29.: "Bay Staters shall be the official designation of citizens of the commonwealth."
- ^ _____, page 435. Collections, Massachusetts Historical Society. MHS, Boston; 1877. Additional on-line source: Google Books.
- ^ Jones, Thomas, page 465. History of New York During the Revolutionary War, New York Historical Society. Edward Floyd DeLancey, Ed., New York; 1879. Additional on-line source: Google Books
- ^ Marckwardt, Albert H., "Wolverine and Michigander", Michigan Alumnus Quarterly Review LVIII (1952) 203-208
- ^ Sperber, Hans "Words and Phrases in American Politics: Michigander" American Speech Vol 29 No 1 (Feb 1954) 21-27
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/mi_intro.htm
- ^ http://www.michigan.gov/mde/0,1607,7-140-54504_50206_54518-184577--,00.html
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/nh_intro.htm
- ^ Powell, William S. (March 1982). "What's in a Name?: Why We're All Called Tar Heels". Tar Heel (Tar Heel Magazine, Inc.). OCLC 005457348. http://alumni.unc.edu/article.asp?SID=3516. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/oh_intro.htm
- ^ Stewart, Roy P. "Postal Card Proves Sooners Were 'Okies' Way Back In 1907", The Daily Oklahoman, Friday, December 20, 1968, pg. 9, col. 2. "Now comes Mrs. Agness Hooks of Thomas with a postal card mailed at Newcastle, Ind. in 1907, address to a Miss Agness Kirkbridge, with the salutation: "Hello Okie — Will see you next Monday night." Signed: Myrtle M. Pence. Mrs. Hooks says Agness Kirkbridge was an aunt of hers. The Kirkbridge family came to Oklahoma Territory in 1904 and settled south of Custer City.
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ok_intro.htm
- ^ http://www.luzernecounty.org/living/history_of_luzerne_county
- ^ http://www.projo.com/ri/charlestown/content/SC_SWAMPCOL_02-29-08_UH95CTL_v43.1d42eee.html
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/tn_intro.htm
- ^ *de la Teja, Jesus F. (1997). "The Colonization and Independence of Texas: A Tejano Perspective". In Rodriguez O., Jaime E.; Vincent, Kathryn. Myths, Misdeeds, and Misunderstandings: The Roots of Conflict in U.S.–Mexican Relations. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Inc.. p. 79. ISBN 0-8420-2662-2.
- ^ Kapler, Joseph, Jr. (Spring 2002). On Wisconsin Icons: When You Say 'Wisconsin', What Do You Say?. Wisconsin Historical Society. pp. 18–31. http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/wmh/pdf/wmh_spring02_kapler.pdf. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
- ^ Foamation: About Us. Foamation. http://www.cheesehead.com/aboutus.asp. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
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