(b Geneva, 1862; d Nyon, 1928). Swiss scenic artist. Pioneered modern operatic trend for imaginative lighting and minimum of scenery. Designed Tristan und Isolde for La Scala (Toscanini, 1923), and Das Rheingold and Die Walküre for Basle (1924–5). Never employed at Bayreuth but his ideas were an influence on Wieland and Wolfgang Wagner.