Adrenalitis

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Adrenalitis
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	E 27.8

Adrenalitis, also called adrenitis, is the inflammation of one or both adrenal glands, which can lead to an insufficiency of epinephrine or norepinephrine.

Types can include, but aren't limited to:-

xanthogranulomatous adrenalitis^[1]

autoimmune adrenalitis (a major cause of Addison's disease)

hemorrhagic adrenalitis

References

^ Trinavarat P, Sasiwimonphan K, Sansopha L, Vejchapipat P, Sosothikul D (March 2009). "Xanthogranulomatous adrenalitis in a neonate: CT and US findings". Pediatr Radiol 39 (3): 286–9. doi:10.1007/s00247-008-1075-7. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/0024700810757|0024700810757]]. PMID 19089417.

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Inflammation

Acute

Plasma derived mediators	Bradykinin · complement (C3, C5a, MAC) · coagulation (Factor XII, Plasmin, Thrombin)

Cell derived mediators	preformed: Lysosome granules · vasoactive amines (Histamine, Serotonin) synthesized on demand: cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1) · eicosanoids (Leukotriene B4, Prostaglandins) · Nitric oxide · Kinins

Chronic

Macrophage · Epithelioid cell · Giant cell · Granuloma

Processes

Traditional: Rubor · Calor · Tumor · Dolor (pain) · Functio laesa
Modern: Acute-phase reaction/Fever · Vasodilation · Increased vascular permeability · Exudate · Leukocyte extravasation · Chemotaxis

Specific locations

Nervous	CNS (Encephalitis, Myelitis) · Meningitis (Arachnoiditis) · PNS (Neuritis) · eye (Dacryoadenitis, Scleritis, Keratitis, Choroiditis, Retinitis, Chorioretinitis, Blepharitis, Conjunctivitis, Iritis, Uveitis) · ear (Otitis, Labyrinthitis, Mastoiditis)

Cardiovascular	Carditis (Endocarditis, Myocarditis, Pericarditis) · Vasculitis (Arteritis, Phlebitis, Capillaritis)

Respiratory	upper (Sinusitis, Rhinitis, Pharyngitis, Laryngitis) · lower (Tracheitis, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, Pneumonitis, Pleuritis) · Mediastinitis

Digestive	mouth (Stomatitis, Gingivitis, Gingivostomatitis, Glossitis, Tonsillitis, Sialadenitis/Parotitis, Cheilitis, Pulpitis, Gnathitis) · tract (Esophagitis, Gastritis, Gastroenteritis, Enteritis, Colitis, Enterocolitis, Duodenitis, Ileitis, Caecitis, Appendicitis, Proctitis) · accessory (Hepatitis, Cholangitis, Cholecystitis, Pancreatitis) · Peritonitis

Integumentary	Dermatitis (Folliculitis) · Cellulitis · Hidradenitis

Musculoskeletal	Arthritis · Dermatomyositis · soft tissue (Myositis, Synovitis/Tenosynovitis, Bursitis, Enthesitis, Fasciitis, Capsulitis, Epicondylitis, Tendinitis, Panniculitis) Osteochondritis: Osteitis (Spondylitis, Periostitis) · Chondritis

Urinary	Nephritis (Glomerulonephritis, Pyelonephritis) · Ureteritis · Cystitis · Urethritis

Reproductive	female: Oophoritis · Salpingitis · Endometritis · Parametritis · Cervicitis · Vaginitis · Vulvitis · Mastitis male: Orchitis · Epididymitis · Prostatitis · Balanitis · Balanoposthitis pregnancy/newborn: Chorioamnionitis · Omphalitis

Endocrine	Insulitis · Hypophysitis · Thyroiditis · Parathyroiditis · Adrenalitis

Lymphatic	Lymphangitis · Lymphadenitis

Endocrine pathology: endocrine diseases (E00–E35, 240–259)

Pancreas/
glucose
metabolism

Hypofunction	Diabetes mellitus types: (type 1, type 2, MODY 1 2 3 4 5 6) · complications (coma, angiopathy, ketoacidosis, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, cardiomyopathy) insulin receptor (Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome) · Insulin resistance

Hyperfunction	Hypoglycemia · beta cell (Hyperinsulinism) · G cell (Zollinger–Ellison syndrome)

Hypothalamic/
pituitary axes

Hypothalamus

gonadotropin (Kallmann syndrome, Adiposogenital dystrophy) · CRH (Tertiary adrenal insufficiency) · vasopressin (Neurogenic diabetes insipidus) · general (Hypothalamic hamartoma)

Pituitary

Hyperpituitarism	anterior (Acromegaly, Hyperprolactinaemia, Pituitary ACTH hypersecretion) · posterior (SIADH) · general (Nelson's syndrome)

Hypopituitarism	anterior (Kallmann syndrome, Growth hormone deficiency, ACTH deficiency/Secondary adrenal insufficiency) · posterior (Neurogenic diabetes insipidus) · general (Empty sella syndrome, Pituitary apoplexy, Sheehan's syndrome, Lymphocytic hypophysitis)

Thyroid

Hypothyroidism	Iodine deficiency · Cretinism (Congenital hypothyroidism) · Myxedema · Euthyroid sick syndrome

Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroxinemia (Thyroid hormone resistance, Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia) · Hashitoxicosis · Thyrotoxicosis factitia · Graves' disease

Thyroiditis	Acute infectious · Subacute (De Quervain's, Subacute lymphocytic) · Autoimmune/chronic (Hashimoto's, Postpartum, Riedel's)

Goitre	Endemic goitre · Toxic nodular goitre · Toxic multinodular goiter Thyroid nodule

Parathyroid

Hypoparathyroidism	Pseudohypoparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism	Primary · Secondary · Tertiary · Osteitis fibrosa cystica

Adrenal

Hyperfunction	aldosterone: Hyperaldosteronism/Primary aldosteronism (Conn syndrome, Bartter syndrome, Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism) · AME · Liddle's syndrome · 17α CAH cortisol: Cushing's syndrome (Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome) sex hormones: 21α CAH · 11β CAH

Hypofunction/ Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's, WF)	aldosterone: Hypoaldosteronism (21α CAH, 11β CAH) cortisol: CAH (Lipoid, 3β, 11β, 17α, 21α) sex hormones: 17α CAH

Gonads

ovarian: Polycystic ovary syndrome · Premature ovarian failure

testicular: enzymatic (5-alpha-reductase deficiency, 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency) · Androgen receptor (Androgen insensitivity syndrome)

general: Hypogonadism (Delayed puberty) · Hypergonadism (Precocious puberty)

Height

Gigantism · Dwarfism/Short stature (Laron syndrome, Psychosocial)

Multiple

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS1, APS2) · Carcinoid syndrome · Multiple endocrine neoplasia (1, 2A, 2B) · Progeria (Werner syndrome, Acrogeria, Metageria) · Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome

M: END

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noco(d)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug (A10/H1/H2/H3/H5)

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