Aeromonas
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Aeromonas
A genus of facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria in the family Pseudomonadaceae, usually resident in richly organic water and soil, and on fish species.
- atypical A. salmonicida — miscellaneous infections of fish, not the identified A. salmonicida salmonicida, the cause of goldfish furunculosis, but may cause goldfish ulcer disease.
- A. hydrophilia — causes ulcerative stomatitis (mouthrot, canker) of captive reptiles. Ulcerative lesions in the mouth may extend to cause osteomyelitis of the jaw bone, inflammation of the harderian gland and invasion of the corneospectacular area causing severe swelling. This bacterium may also cause septicemia, especially in aquatic snakes with access to infected water; causes fin, tail and snout erosions (red sore disease) in captive fish. May also cause diarrhea in foals.
- A. liquefaciens — a group of closely related, motile aeromonads which cause hemorrhagic septicemia in many cultured pond-fish, aquarium fish and salmonids.
- A. salmonicida salmonicida — causes goldfish ulcer disease, furunculosis in salmonids and erythrodermatitis in carp.
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Aeromonas
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) |
| Aeromonas | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Aeromonas hydrophila | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Proteobacteria |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria[citation needed] |
| Order: | Aeromonadales |
| Family: | Aeromonadaceae |
| Genus: | Aeromonas Stanier 1943 |
| Type strain | |
| Aeromonas hydrophila | |
| Species | |
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A. aquariorum |
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Aeromonas is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic rod that morphologically resembles members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Fourteen species of Aeromonas have been described, most of which have been associated with human diseases. The most important pathogens are A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and A. veronii biovar sobria. The organisms are ubiquitous in fresh and brackish water.
They group with the gamma subclass of the Proteobacteria.[1]
Two major diseases associated with Aeromonas are gastroenteritis and wound infections, with or without bacteremia. Gastroenteritis typically occurs after the ingestion of contaminated water or food, whereas wound infections result from exposure to contaminated water.
Although some potential virulence factors (e.g. endotoxins, hemolysins, enterotoxins, adherence factors) have been identified, their precise role is unknown. Aeromonas species cause:
- opportunistic systemic disease in immunocompromised patients
- diarrheal disease in otherwise healthy individuals, and
- wound infections
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Differential diagnosis caution
If automated machines are not using the most updated database, Elizabethkingia meningoseptica may be mistaken as Aeromonas salmonicida. Leeches have been implicated in the transmission of Aeromonas infections to humans.
Gastroenteritis
Gastrointestinal disease in children is usually an acute, severe illness, whereas that in adults tends to be chronic diarrhea. Severe Aeromonas gastroenteritis resembles shigellosis, with blood and leukocytes in the stool. Acute diarrheal disease is self limited, and only supportive care is indicated in affected patients.
Antimicrobial therapy
It is necessary for patients with chronic diahreal disease or systemic infection. Aeromonas species are resistant to penicillins, most cephalosporins, and erythromycin. Ciprofloxacin is consistently active against their strains in the U.S. and Europe, but resistant cases have before been reported in Asia.
Etymology
The name Aeromonas derives from:
Greek noun aer, aeros (ἀήρ, ἀέρος), air, gas; Greek feminine gender noun monas (μονάς / μονάδα), unit, monad; New Latin feminine gender noun Aeromonas, gas(-producing) monad.[2]
Members of the genus Aeromonas can be referred to as aeromonad (viz. Trivialisation of names).
References
- ^ Martinez-Murcia AJ, Benlloch S, Collins MD (July 1992). "Phylogenetic interrelationships of members of the genera Aeromonas and Plesiomonas as determined by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing: lack of congruence with results of DNA-DNA hybridizations". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 42 (3): 412–21. doi:10.1099/00207713-42-3-412. PMID 1380289. http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=1380289.
- ^ Aeromonas entry in LPSN [Euzéby, J.P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet". Int J Syst Bacteriol 47 (2): 590-2. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-590. ISSN 0020-7713. PMID 9103655. http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/47/2/590.]
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Saunders Veterinary Dictionary
Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved.
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