Afonso II of Portugal
| Afonso II | |
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| King of Portugal | |
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| 17th century painting of Afonso II. | |
| Reign | March 26, 1212—March 25, 1223 |
| Full name | Afonso Sanches of Portugal |
| Titles | Infante of Portugal (1185–1212) |
| Born | April 23, 1185 |
| Coimbra, Kingdom of Portugal | |
| Died | March 25, 1223 |
| Coimbra, Kingdom of Portugal | |
| Buried | Santa Cruz Monastery, Coimbra, District of Coimbra, Portugal |
| Predecessor | |
| Heirs | |
| Successor | |
| Consort | Infanta Urraca of Castile |
| Issue | Infante Afonso (1210–1279) Infanta Leonor, Queen of Denmark (1211–1231) Infante Fernando, Lord of Serpa (a. 1217–c. 1243) Infante Vicente (1219) |
| Royal House | Capetian House of Burgundy |
| Dynasty | Affonsine Dynasty |
| Father | Sancho I of Portugal |
| Mother | Dulce Berenguer of Barcelona, Infanta of Aragon |
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| Afonso Henriques (Afonso I) |
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| Afonso II |
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| Afonso III |
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| Afonso IV |
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| Ferdinand I |
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| Beatrice (disputed queen) |
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Afonso II, King of Portugal (Portuguese pron. IPA /ɐ'fõsu/; English Alphonzo), or Affonso (Archaic
Portuguese), Alfonso or Alphonso (Portuguese-Galician) or
Alphonsus (Latin version), nicknamed "the Fat" (Portueguese o Gordo), third king of
Portugal, was born in Coimbra on April 23
1185 and died on March 25 1223 in
the same city. He was the second but eldest surviving son of
As a king, Afonso II set a different approach of government. Hitherto, his father Sancho I and his grandfather Afonso I, were mostly concerned with military issues either against the neighbouring Kingdom of Castile or against the Moorish lands in the south. Afonso did not pursue territory enlargement policies and managed to insure peace with Castile during his reign. Despite this, some towns, like Alcácer do Sal in 1217, were conquered from the Moors by the private initiative of noblemen. This does not mean that he was a weak or somehow cowardly man. The first years of his reign were marked instead by internal disturbances between Afonso and his brothers and sisters. The king managed to keep security within Portuguese borders only by outlawing and exiling his kin.
Since military issues were not a government priority, Afonso established the state's administration and centralized power on himself. He designed the first set of Portuguese written laws. These were mainly concerned with private property, civil justice, and minting. Afonso also sent ambassadors to European kingdoms outside the Iberian Peninsula and began amiable commercial relations with most of them.
Other reforms included the always delicate matters with the pope. In order to get the independence of Portugal recognized by Rome, his grandfather, Afonso I, had to legislate an enormous amount of privileges to the Church. These eventually created a state within the state. With Portugal's position as a country firmly established, Afonso II endeavoured to weaken the power of the clergy and to apply a portion of the enormous revenues of the Roman Catholic church to purposes of national utility. These actions led to a serious diplomatic conflict between the pope and Portugal. After being excommunicated for his audacities by Pope Honorius III, Afonso II promised to make amends to the church, but he died in 1223 before making any serious attempts to do so.
Ancestors
| Afonso II of Portugal | Father: |
Father's father: Afonso I of Portugal |
Father's father's father: Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal |
| Father's father's mother: Teresa of León, Countess of Portugal |
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| Father's mother: Maud of Savoy |
Father's mother's father: Amadeus III of Savoy |
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| Father's mother's mother: Mahaut of Albon |
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| Mother: Dulce Berenguer of Barcelona |
Mother's father: Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona |
Mother's father's father: Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona |
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| Mother's father's mother: Douce of Gévaudaun |
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| Mother's mother: Petronila of Aragon |
Mother's mother's father: Ramiro II of Aragon |
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| Mother's mother's mother: Agnes of Aquitaine |
Marriage and descendants
Afonso married Infanta Urraca of Castile, daughter of Alfonso VIII, King of Castile, and Leonora of Aquitaine, in 1208.
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| By Urraca of Castile (1186-1220; married in 1208) | |||
| September 8, 1207 | January 4 1248 | Succeeded him as Sancho II, 4th King of Portugal. | |
| Infante Afonso | May 5, 1210 | February 16, 1279 | Succeeded his brother Sancho as Afonso III, 5th King of Portugal. |
| Infanta Leonor (Eleanor) | 1211 | 1231 | Married Prince Valdemar, son of Valdemar II of Denmark and Margaret of Bohemia, daughter of Ottokar I of Bohemia. |
| Infante Fernando | a. 1217 | c. 1243 | Lord of Serpa. |
| Vicente | 1219 | 1219 | |
| Natural offspring | |||
| João Afonso | ? | 1234 | Natural son. |
| Pedro Afonso | c. 1210 | ? | Natural son. |
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
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Afonso II of Portugal
Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty
Born: 23 April 1185 Died: 25 March 1223 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by |
King of
Portugal 1211 – 1223 |
Succeeded by |
| Monarchs of Portugal | |
|---|---|
| House of Burgundy | Afonso I •
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| House of Aviz | John
I • |
| House of Aviz-Beja | Manuel I •
John III • |
| House of Habsburg | Philip I • Philip II • Philip III |
| House of Braganza | John IV • Afonso VI • Peter II • John V • Joseph • Maria I with Peter III • John VI • Pedro IV • Miguel • Maria II with Ferdinand II |
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