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Afro Samurai

 
Wikipedia: Afro Samurai
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This article is about the anime and manga series. For the video game, see Afro Samurai (video game).
Afro Samurai
Volume one of Afro Samurai
Volume one of the Afro Samurai manga remake, first released in America by Tor Books and Seven Seas Entertainment.
アフロサムライ
(Afuro Samurai)
Genre Action, science fiction, avant-garde
Manga
Afro Samurai!
Author Takashi Okazaki
Publisher Japan self-funded
Demographic Seinen
Magazine Nou Nou Hau
Original run September 1999 – May 2000
Volumes 0
TV anime
Director Fuminori Kizaki
Jamie Simone
Writer Tomohiro Yamashita
Derek Draper
Chris Yoo
Studio Japan Gonzo &
United States Studiopolis (Dub)
Licensor United States Canada Funimation Entertainment
Australia New Zealand Madman Entertainment
Russia MC Entertainment
Network Japan Fuji Television
United States Canada Spike
United Kingdom Adult Swim/Bravo
Australia MTV
Brazil MTV
France Canal+
Poland Canal+ Poland
Russia 2×2
Original run January 4, 2007 – February 1, 2007
Episodes 5
Manga
Author Takashi Okazaki
English publisher United States Seven Seas Entertainment
Demographic Seinen
Volumes 2 (United States)
Anime film
Afro Samurai: Resurrection
Director Fuminori Kizaki
Producer Shin'ichiro Ishikawa
Leo Chu
Eric Garcia
Arthur Smith
Samuel L. Jackson
Writer Yasuyuki Mutou
Josh Fialkov
Eric Calderon
Studio Japan Gonzo &
United States Studiopolis (Dub)
Licensor United States Canada FUNimation Entertainment
Australia New Zealand Madman Entertainment
Released United States January 25, 2009
Japan February 3, 2009
Runtime United States 90 minutes
Japan 100 minutes
Anime and Manga Portal

Afro Samurai (アフロサムライ Afuro Samurai?), also romanized AFRO SAMURAI, is a Japanese seinen dōjinshi manga series written and illustrated by manga artist Takashi Okazaki. It was originally serialized irregularly in the avant-garde dōjinshi manga magazine Nou Nou Hau from September 1999 to May 2000. Inspired by Takashi Okazaki's love of soul and hip hop music, Afro Samurai follows the life of Afro Samurai who witnessed his father (owner of the No. 1 headband) being killed by the hands of a gunslinger named Justice (owner of the No. 2 headband). As an adult, Afro sets off to avenge his father's death and kill Justice.

The Afro Samurai dōjinshi was adapted into a 5-episode anime TV series by studio Gonzo in 2007. The same studio also went on to produce a made-for-TV movie sequel entitled Afro Samurai: Resurrection in 2009, which gained two Emmy nominations, for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation, which it won, and Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or More), which it lost. After the release of the anime series, Takashi Okazaki remade the original Afro Samurai dōjinshi into a two-volume manga. To be only released in North America, Tor Books and Seven Seas Entertainment licensed the title and published it under their new Tor/Seven Seas imprint.

In addition to the success of the anime series, Afro Samurai has also been adapted into a video game and an upcoming live-action feature film. For the TV series and the film, two soundtracks by the RZA of Wu-Tang Clan have been released as well as a profile book in Japan.

Contents

Plot

Afro Samurai

In a futuristic yet feudal Japan, it is said that the one who becomes "No. 1" will rule the world, wielding powers akin to a god. Someone becomes No. 1 by killing the previous No. 1 and taking his ceremonial headband. The only rule is that only the No. 2 (also designated by a sacred headband) is allowed to challenge the No. 1. In contrast, the No. 2 can be challenged by anyone (and typically everyone). Due to this, few people ever reach the mountain where No. 1 waits because the No. 2 headband is constantly changing owners.

Rokutaro, the owner of the No. 1 headband, goes to fight a gunslinger named Justice, the owner of the No. 2 headband. The two cross swords and it ends with Justice decapitating Rokutaro and claming his headband. Rokutaro's head rolls in front of his son, a young boy named Afro, as he sobs and vows revenge. Now an adult, Afro Samurai is the current No. 2 and a master swordsman. He travels Japan trying to make his way to the mountain-top keep where Justice awaits. As he makes his way to Justice, he recalls his journey from a frightened young boy to a master samurai. Along the way, many people challenge Afro for his headband including the "Empty Seven Clan" who send various agents, including a robotic Afro, to kill him throughout his travels. He is also being hunted by his vengeful childhood friend Jinno, who was long thought to be dead. Afro eventually defeats his enemies, Jinno, and confronts Justice, whom he defeats and takes the No. 1 headband.

Afro resides to live in the mountains once again when Jinno, adorned with every headband in existence, confronts Afro for the No. 1 and his revenge.

Afro Samurai: Resurrection

Afro, now trying to live an ordinary life, refuses any challenge for his No. 1 headband. One dark and stormy night, Jinno, and a mysterious woman named Sio, attack Afro. They easily defeat him and take his No. 1 headband as well as his father's remains. Sio tells Afro her plans to resurrect his father, Rokutaro, so she can torture him as revenge against Afro for the lives he has destroyed and for what has happened to her brother, Jinno. Afro, determined to regain the No. 1 as well as his father's remains, sets off to find the No. 2 headband. Afro eventually learns that the bearer of the No. 2 is a man named Shichigoro.

Afro confronts Shichigoro, regains the No. 2, and continues on toward Sio. Along the way he is observed by three mysterious warriors from his past. He eventually battles them while Sio revives Afro's father. Afro defeats the three and is confronted by Sio, Jinno, and his resurrected father, revived before he is completely restored, leaving him a mindless killing machine. Rokutaro defeats and seemingly kills Afro in a bout, which spontaneously causes Jinno to come to Afro's aid in a sudden change of heart. While landing a few blows, Jinno is quickly dispatched by Rokutaro, who then kills Sio. The cybernetic remains of Jinno give off an electrical surge, which, conducted through the spilled blood of Afro, revives him. Afro then defeats Rokotaru and reclaims the No. 1 headband.

Afro walks away from the battle, wearing the No. 1 headband and clutching the No. 2 headband in hand. He comes across an orphan who seeks vengence for Shichigoro and hands him the No. 2, telling him to challenge him when he's ready.

Production

Afro as he appeared on issue 0 of Nou Nou Hau.

Takashi Okazaki started drawing African-American characters on items like Kleenex boxes when he was a teenager, inspired by his fondness for hip hop and soul music. Takashi started combining elements of samurai into his work, eventually developing the design for Afro. Takashi Okazaki began writing the original dōjinshi, then called Afro Samurai!, when he and his friends started independently publishing the art magazine Nou Nou Hau.[1] The preparatory "issue 0" of Nou Nou Hau was released on November 1998 with Afro Samurai artwork featured on the cover.[2] Takashi Okazaki wrote the entire manga in the English direction, with elements from English and Japanese comics.[3]

In addition to the anime production, Takashi Okazaki re-made the dōjinshi, with much better art skills.[3] At the Japan Society from March 13 to June 14, 2009, original Afro Samurai dōjinshi artwork (as used on issue 0 of Nou Nou Hau) was showcased at the KRAZY!: The Delirious World of Anime + Manga + Video Games exhibition.[4]


Media

Manga

Written and illustrated by Takashi Okazaki, Afro Samurai was originally published in the self-funded Nou Nou Hau dōjinshi magazine.[1] First appearing in issue 0, the dōjinshi version was first published from September 1999 to October 2000.[2] After the release of the anime version, Takashi Okazaki recreated the original dōjinshi.[3] Although the recreation of the original manga was created in Japan, it was first published in the United States by Seven Seas Entertainment and Tor Books in two tankōbon volumes.[5] As a special supplement, thumb-nail sized clips of the original dōjinshi were shown at the end of the first volume.[6] The English release of the manga was Tor Books and Seven Seas' first publication under the newly formed Tor/Seven Seas imprint.[5] The manga was also released in Italy through Panini Comics' manga publishing division Planet Manga, starting on April 9, 2009.[7]

No. Title Release date ISBN
1 Nothing personal...it's just revenge. September 2008[8] ISBN 978-0-7653-2123-7
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 2
  • Chapter 3
  • Chapter 4
  • Chapter 5
  • Translation Notes
  • Supplemental Material
Afro witnessed his father get killed by Justice. Afro, now with the No. 2 headband sets forth to avenge his father's death. On his way Afro encounters several foes.
2 Death isn't the end...it's only the beginning. February 2009[8] ISBN 978-0-7653-2239-5
  • Chapter 6
  • Chapter 7
  • Chapter 8
  • Chapter 9
  • Chapter 10
  • Honorifics Guide
  • Translation Notes
  • Creator Interview

Anime

One of Takashi Okazaki's friends decided to make figurines based on the character, which were released in small amounts. After the figurines were created, a producer from the Japanese studio, Gonzo, happened to find them and thought of an animated TV project based on the series. The anime took three years to develop, and in the three years the studio also created a trailer, which happened to fall into the hands of Samuel L. Jackson.[9] It was announced that the project would be a five-episode "creative collaboration" between Samuel L. Jackson, Takashi Okazaki, and Gonzo, with a music score by hip hop artist RZA from the rap group, Wu-Tang Clan.[10][11] In 2006, it was announced that Funimation Entertainment acquired the rights to the anime series which would premier on Spike TV (now simply known as "Spike") later that year, and that Samuel L. Jackson would voice Afro.[12] Afro Samurai debuted on Spike TV, on January 4, 2007.[13] The series' worldwide premier was on Spike TV's website where they streamed the first episode online. The anime was later released on Japanese television Thursday, May 3, 2007, in English with Japanese subtitles. The Japanese air was released completely uncut.[14] On Friday, May 11, 2007 Funimation released the first Afro Samurai DVDs at Anime Central, at their own booth, the regular Afro Samurai: Spike Version and the uncut Afro Samurai: Director's Cut. Both DVDs were released to the public on May 22, 2007.[15] In September 4, 2007, all five episodes of Afro Samurai were released on iTunes. To promote this, Funimation released eight custom designed iPods by Takashi Okazaki.[16] In 2008, Funimation released the Afro Samurai anime series onto Xbox Live in high definition format and also debuted on Blu-ray Disc in that year.[17][18] Also in 2008, Afro Samurai was shown at the German Film Festival in Germany.[19]

# Title Original air date
01 "Revenge"
"Number One"  		 January 4, 2007
As a boy, Afro witnessed his father's death by the hands of a man looking to claim the title of No. 1. Now a grown man, he has the title of No. 2 and sets out on his journey of revenge. 
02 "The Dream Reader"
"OKIKU"  		 January 11, 2007
Afro relives his harsh past through his dreams when he is discovered by a local by the riverbank who tends to his wounds. 
03 "The Empty Seven Clan"
"THE EMPTY SEVEN CLAN"  		 January 18, 2007
As The Clan of the Empty Seven continues to put pressure on Afro, he is faced against a difficult foe, himself. 
04 "Duel"
"KUMA"  		 January 25, 2007
The past comes back to teach Afro Samurai a lesson about the consequences of choosing revenge over family, and what it really means to wear the No. 2 headband. 
05 "Justice"
"JUSTICE"  		 February 1, 2007
Afro battles with his childhood friend and makes his final ascension towards the number one, Justice. 

Films

In an Associated Press interview in 2007, Takashi Okazaki confirmed there would be a sequel to the anime series, and that it would also be shown on Spike TV.[20] In 2008, the sequel was announced to be a TV movie titled Afro Samurai: Resurrection, and that actors Lucy Liu and Mark Hamill would join the voice acting cast.[21] Hip hop artist RZA also came back to provide the soundtrack for the movie. Afro Samurai: Resurrection debuted on Spike TV on the night of January 25, 2009. [22] On July 16, 2009, Afro Samurai: Resurrection was nominated for an Emmy in the "Outstanding Animated Program (for programming one hour or more)" category in the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards and the Creative Arts Emmy Awards. At the Emmy awards, Afro Samurai: Resurrection lost to Destination Imagination, a TV movie based on Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends.[23][24] The art director of Afro Samurai: Resurrection, Shigemi Ikeda, won an Emmy for his work on Resurrection, which is the first ever awarded for work on a Japanese-animated production.[25] Afro Samurai: Resurrection was the first Japanese anime to be nominated for an Emmy.[24]

Announced at the 2006 Comic-Con, a live action version of Afro Samurai was said to be in the making.[26]

Video games

In 2005, Gonzo had awarded Namco Bandai Games exclusive rights to publish two Afro Samurai video games, as announced that year.[27] The debut trailer of the first game was released at the company's Editor's Day presentation.[28] Afro Samurai was released for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 on January 27, 2009.[29][30]

Soundtracks

Wu-Tang Clan member RZA produced the soundtrack for both the Afro Samurai TV series and the TV movie sequel Afro Samurai: Resurrection.[11][22] The first soundtrack for the anime series, The RZA Presents: Afro Samurai: The Soundtrack was released in January 30, 2007 by Koch Records (now known as E1 Music).[31] The second soundtrack for the TV movie, The RZA Presents: Afro Samurai: Resurrection: The Soundtrack was also released by Koch Records in January 27, 2009.[32]

Art books

A companion book released based on the TV anime series entitled Afro Samurai Maniaxxx!!!, containing original character designs, interviews, and background designs.[33] Afro Samurai Maniaxxx!!! was released in Japan by Softbank Creative on October 27, 2007.[34]

Reception

The Afro Samurai manga series has received mixed reviews from critics. Scott Green, writer of the Anime AICN segment of Ain't It Cool News said that the manga "is a work of design" and that it "utilizes the medium to which it is applied as a platform rather than as an ends unto itself." Scott notes that Okazaki does not have a "head for manga as a storytelling form" and that the "manga labors to show off Okazaksi' [sic] design."[35] Anime News Network reviewer, Carlo Santos stated about the anime that "like most typical action-adventures, the story starts out slow and only picks up toward the middle and end when the blades really start flying" and that "Afro Samurai is hardly a complex story" and that it only has "a handful of characters and a straightforward beat-the-next-guy plotline". Carlo Santos also noted that "the original Afro Samurai manga is pretty lousy" and that Takashi Okazaki often gets lost in "incomprehensible scribbles" and "style over substance."[36] Volume 2 of Afro Samurai also charted 147 on ComiPress' "Top 250 Manga Volumes" of February 2009.[37] The Blu-ray release of the anime series charted #16 on VideoScan's Blu-ray charts.[18] Zac Bertschy of Anime News Nerwork stated about Afro Samurai: Resurrection that "it's a gorgeous film," with "incredible animation, spectacular action setpieces [sic] and a thumping score by The RZA". Zac noted that the plot is just "window dressing" and that if it's about anything it's about "cool". Zac criticized that the film is just an excuse to string fight scenes together and that the farther it goes on it becomes clearer how "weak the writing is".[38] Hyper commends the anime for its art, saying, "stylised poses and sharp, dynamic visuals have long been a trademark element of this series, and they hold true [in the anime]."[39]

References

  1. ^ a b Epstein, Daniel Robert; Takashi Okazaki. "Afro Samurai: Takashi Okazaki Interview". 670 Broadway, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10012: UGO.com/UGO Networks, Inc.. http://www.ugo.com/ugo/html/article/?id=16499. Retrieved Monday, August 31, 2009. 
  2. ^ a b "NOU NOU HAU vol.0". Kugelblitz. 2005-2006. http://www.kugel-blitz.com/en/nounouhau/history_1998.php. Retrieved Monday, August 31, 2009. 
  3. ^ a b c Okazaki, Takashi (February 2009) [2009]. Adam Arnold. ed. Takashi Okazaki: The Man BEHIND the 'Fro. Afro Samurai. 2 (1 ed.). Seven Seas Entertainment. 52-Uz2WVpVwC. ISBN 978-0-7653-2239-5. OCLC 223883056. http://books.google.com/books?id=52-Uz2WVpVwC&pg=PT167&lpg=PT167&dq=NOU+NOU+HAU&source=bl&ots=RGIZ5khpqj&sig=3G63x4rhZBmqNfPRfFZjSIhrGng&hl=en&ei=QeCKSqePFYmqtgPMls3EDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7#v=onepage&q=NOU%20NOU%20HAU&f=false. Retrieved Tuesday, August 18, 2009. 
  4. ^ Aoki, Deb (2009). "Afro Samurai by Takashi Okazaki". About.com. http://manga.about.com/od/imagegalleries/ig/KRAZY--Exhibit-Gallery/Afro-Samurai.htm. Retrieved Saturday, September 19, 2009. 
  5. ^ a b "Tor Books Partners with Seven Seas to Form New Manga Imprint and Announces Publication of Afro Samurai". ComiPress. December 8, 2007. http://www.comipress.com/press-release/2007/12/07/2970. Retrieved Friday, September 18, 2009. 
  6. ^ Okazaki, Takashi (2009) [2009]. Adam Arnold. ed. Afro Samurai. 1 (1 ed.). Seven Seas Entertainment. ISBN 978-0-7653-2239-5. OCLC 248983719. 
  7. ^ "Afro Samurai 1 (Di 2) [Afro Samurai 1 (of 2)]" (in Italian). Viale Emilio Po 380 41126 Modena MO Italy: Panini Comics/Panini SpA. April 9, 2009. http://www.paninicomics.it/web/guest/productDetail?viewItem=393542. Retrieved Friday, September 11, 2009. 
  8. ^ a b "Afro Samurai" (PHP). Seven Seas Entertainment, LLC. 2004-2009. http://www.gomanga.com/manga/afrosamurai.php. Retrieved Monday, November 2, 2009. 
  9. ^ "Afro Samurai Vol 1". 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010: Macmillan. 2009. http://us.macmillan.com/afrosamuraivol1. Retrieved Wednesday, September 2, 2009. 
  10. ^ "Afro Samurai Press Release". Anime News Network. May 5, 2005. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2005-05-05/afro-samurai-press-release. Retrieved Wednesday, September 2, 2009. 
  11. ^ a b "The RZA Gets His Afro Samurai On". Anime News Network. June 2, 2006. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2006-06-02/the-rza-gets-his-afro-samurai-on. Retrieved Monday, September 14, 2009. 
  12. ^ "Funimation Acquires Afro Samurai". Anime News Network. February 27, 2006. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2006-02-27/funimation-acquires-afro-samurai. Retrieved Wednesday, September 2, 2009. 
  13. ^ "Afro Samurai Hits Spike TV on January 4". Anime News Network. October 31, 2006. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2006-10-31/afro-samurai-hits-spike-tv-on-january-4. Retrieved Wednesday, September 2, 2009. 
  14. ^ "Afro Samurai to Air on Japanese TV in May". Anime News Network. March 8, 2007. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-03-08/afro. Retrieved Wednesday, September 2, 2009. 
  15. ^ "Funimation to Sell Advance DVD Copies at Anime Central". Anime News Network. May 11, 2007. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-05-11/funimation-to-sell-advance-dvd-copies-at-anime-central. Retrieved Thursday, September 3, 2009. 
  16. ^ "Funimation Puts Afro Samurai on iTunes, Gives Away Custom iPods". Anime News Network. September 1, 2007. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-09-01/funimation-puts-afro-samurai-on-itunes-gives-away-custom-ipods. Retrieved Thursday, September 3, 2009. 
  17. ^ "Free Bakugan #1 on iTunes; HD Afro Samurai on Xbox Live". Anime News Network. February 29, 2008. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-02-29/free-bakugan-no.1-on-itunes-hd-afro-samurai-on-xbox-live. Retrieved Friday, September 11, 2009. 
  18. ^ a b "VideoScan: Afro Samurai Debuted on Blu-ray at #16". Anime News Network. September 10, 2008. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-09-10/videoscan-afro-samurai-debuted-on-blu-ray-at-no.16. Retrieved Friday, September 11, 2009. 
  19. ^ "Eva:1.0, L, Afro Samurai to Run in German Film Fest". Anime News Network. August 8, 2008. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-08-08/eva-1.0-l-afro-samurai-to-run-in-german-film-fest. Retrieved Monday, September 14, 2009. 
  20. ^ "Afro Samurai Creator Takashi Okazaki Confirms Sequel". Anime News Network. October 25, 2007. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-10-25/afro-samurai-creator-takashi-okazaki-confirms-sequel. Retrieved Friday, September 11, 2009. 
  21. ^ "Lucy Liu, Mark Hamill Join Afro Samurai: Resurrection (Updated)". Anime News Network. July 24, 2008. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-07-24/lucy-liu-mark-hamill-join-afro-samurai-resurrection. Retrieved Saturday, September 12, 2009. 
  22. ^ a b "Afro Samurai: Resurrection Movie Debuts Sunday Night". Anime News Network. July 25, 2009. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-01-25/afro-samurai/resurrection-movie-debuts-sunday-night. Retrieved Monday, September 14, 2009. 
  23. ^ "Afro Samurai: Resurrection TV Film Nominated for Emmy (Updated)". Anime News Network. July 16, 2009. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-07-16/afro-samurai/resurrection-tv-film-nominated-for-emmy. Retrieved Monday, September 14, 2009. 
  24. ^ a b "Foster's Home Wins Emmy over Afro Samurai: Resurrection". Anime News Network. September 15, 2009. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-09-15/foster-home-wins-emmy-over-afro-samurai. Retrieved Tuesday, September 15, 2009. 
  25. ^ "Afro Samurai: Resurrection's Shigemi Ikeda Wins Emmy (Updated)". Anime News Network. August 27, 2009. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-08-27/afro-samurai/resurrection-shigemi-ikeda-wins-emmy. Retrieved Monday, September 14, 2009. 
  26. ^ "Comic-Con: Live Action Afro Samurai". Anime News Network. July 22, 2006. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2006-07-22/comic-con-live-action-afro-samurai. Retrieved Thursday, October 29, 2009. 
  27. ^ "Namco to Publish Afro Samurai Video Games". Anime News Network. August 30, 2005. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2005-08-30/namco-to-publish-afro-samurai-video-games. Retrieved Tuesday, September 15, 2009. 
  28. ^ "Namco Bandai Announces Afro Samurai Game". Anime News Network. June 17, 2007. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-06-17/namco-bandai-announces-afro-samurai-game. Retrieved Tuesday, September 15, 2009. 
  29. ^ "Afro Samurai". Amazon.com. January 27, 2009. http://www.amazon.com/Afro-Samurai-Xbox-360/dp/B0014G98WA. Retrieved Tuesday, September 15, 2009. 
  30. ^ Szadkowski, Joseph (Thursday, February 19, 2009). "Zadzooks: Review of Afro Samurai, the video game". The Washington Times. 3600 New York Ave. NE, Washington, D.C.: The Washington Times. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/feb/19/zadzooks-review-of-afro-samurai-the-video-game/. Retrieved Tuesday, September 15, 2009. 
  31. ^ "Afro Samurai [EXPLICIT LYRICS]". Amazon.com. January 30, 2007. http://www.amazon.com/Afro-Samurai-RZA/dp/B0000269IF. Retrieved Tuesday, September 15, 2009. 
  32. ^ "Afro Samurai Resurrection [EXPLICIT LYRICS] [SOUNDTRACK]". Amazon.com. January 27, 2009. http://www.amazon.com/Afro-Samurai-Resurrection-RZA-Presents/dp/B001N18HG4/ref=pd_rhf_shvl_1. Retrieved Tuesday, September 15, 2009. 
  33. ^ "Afro Samurai Maniaxxx!!! Artbook". Anime Castle. 1999-. http://www.animecastle.com/p-118182-afro-samurai-maniaxxx-artbook.aspx. Retrieved Wednesday, September 16, 2009. 
  34. ^ "Afro Samurai Visual Book: AFRO SAMURAI MANIAXXX!". Akodot Retail/Digital Manga, Inc.. 1996-. http://www.akadot.com/afro-samurai-visual-book-afro-samurai-maniaxxx-p-23093.html. Retrieved Wednesday, September 16, 2009. 
  35. ^ Green, Scott (Friday, September 19, 2008). "AICN Anime-Afro Samurai Manga, A Survey of Upcoming Events, News and More!". Austin, TX 78718-0011 USA: Ain't It Cool News/Ain't It Cool, Inc.. http://www.aintitcool.com/node/38397. Retrieved Thursday, September 17, 2009. 
  36. ^ Santos, Carlo (November 4, 2008). "Afro Samurai Blu-Ray". Anime News Network. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/afro-samurai/bluray-uncut. Retrieved Friday, September 18, 2009. 
  37. ^ Blind, Matt (March 10, 2009). "2009-02: Manga Top 250 Volumes and Top 100 Series for February 2009". ComiPress. http://www.comipress.com/special/manga-ranking/manga-top-250-volumes-and-top-100-series-for-february-2009. Retrieved Friday, September 18, 2009. 
  38. ^ Bertschy, Zac (January 27, 2009). "Afro Samurai: Resurrection Director's Cut DVD". Anime News Network. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/afro-samurai/resurrection/dub.dvd-uncut. Retrieved Thursday, October 29, 2009. 
  39. ^ "Afro Samurai: Resurrection". Hyper (Next Media) (192): 89. October 2009. ISSN 1320-7458. 

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