Agriculture in Kyrgyzstan
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Agriculture in Kyrgyzstan
Agriculture in Kyrgyzstan is a significant sector of the economy. According to the CIA World Factbook, it comprises 35.3% of the total GDP and occupies 55% of the total labor force. Only 7.5% of the total land area is used for crop cultivation, but 44% of the land is used as pastures for livestock. Because of the many mountains of Kyrgyzstan, animal husbandry remains a significant part of the agricultural economy.
Cultivation is centered in the Ferghana Valley, Talas Province, and Chuy Province.
Among Kyrgyzstan's agricultural products are tobacco, cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits, and berries. As far as total production, the largest crop is assorted types of animal fodder to feed the livestock of the country. The second largest crop is winter wheat, followed by barley, corn, and rice.
Significant animal derived products include sheep, goats, cattle, and wool. Chickens, horses, and pigs are also present. In some regions, yaks are herded and bred.
Of these, the top products for export are cotton and tobacco. Meat is also exported, but in less significant quantities.
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Corruption in the Tobacco Industry
In 2010, AOI-Kyrgyzstan, a Kyrgyz subsidiary of Alliance One International Inc., a global tobacco leaf merchant headquartered in North Carolina, United States, pleaded guilty to violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), relating to bribes paid to Kyrgyzstan government officials in connection with its purchase of Kyrgyz tobacco.[1]
Alliance One was formed from a merger between Dimon Incorporated and Standard Commercial Corporation in 2005.[2] AOI-Kyrgyzstan admitted that employees of Dimon’s Kyrgyz subsidiary paid a total of approximately US$3 million in bribes from 1996 to 2004 to various officials in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, including officials of the Kyrgyz Tamekisi, a government entity that controlled and regulated the tobacco industry in Kyrgyzstan.[3][4] Bribes totalling US$254,262 were made to five local provincial government officials, known as "Akims"[1], to obtain permission to purchase tobacco from local growers during the same period.[5]
See also
Sources
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References
- ^ a b US DoJ (1 January 2011). "Alliance One International Inc. And Universal Corporation Resolve Related FCPA Matters Involving Bribes Paid To Foreign Government Officials". US DoJ. http://www.justice.gov/usao/vae/news/2010/08/20100806allianceonenr.html.
- ^ AllianceOne. "Company Overview". AllianceOne. http://www.aointl.com/.
- ^ US DoJ (30 September 2010). "Summaries of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Enforcement Actions by the United States". US DoJ. http://www.justice.gov/criminal/fraud/fcpa/docs/response3-appx-c.pdf.
- ^ US SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (6 August 2010). "U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION". SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. http://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/2010/lr21618.htm.
- ^ SEC Whistleblower. "United States v. Alliance One Tobacco Osh, LLC". SEC Whistleblower. http://www.secwhistleblowerprogram.org/foreign-corrupt-practices-act/violations-and-cases/alliance-one-tobacco/.
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