Ailsa Craig

Ailsa Craig
Location
Ailsa Craig
Ailsa Craig shown within Scotland
OS grid reference	NX019997
Names
Gaelic name	Creag Ealasaid
Meaning of name	Elizabeth's rock or Fairy rock
Area and summit
Area	0.38 sq.mi. (0.99 km²)
Area rank	148=
Highest elevation	1,110 ft (338 m) (a Marilyn)
Population
Population (2001)	0
Groupings
Island group	Firth of Clyde
Local Authority	South Ayrshire
References	[1][2][3][4]
If shown, area and population ranks are for all Scottish islands and all inhabited Scottish islands respectively.

Ailsa Craig (Scottish Gaelic: Creag Ealasaid) is an island in the outer Firth of Clyde, Scotland where granite was quarried to make curling stones. "Ailsa" is pronounced "ale-sa", with the first syllable stressed. The now uninhabited island is formed from the volcanic plug of an extinct volcano.

The island was a haven for Catholics during the Scottish Reformation in the 16th century, but is today a bird sanctuary, providing a home for huge numbers of gannets and an increasing number of puffins.

Geography

The island is located approximately 10 miles (16 km) west of Girvan. Two miles (3 km) in circumference and rising to 1,110 feet (340 m), the island consists entirely of the volcanic plug of an extinct volcano that might have been active about 500 million years ago.^[5]

Ailsa Craig from the South Ayrshire coast

It is part of to the administrative district of South Ayrshire, in the ancient parish of Dailly.

The lighthouse on its east coast faces the Scottish mainland, and a ruined keep of uncertain origins is perched on the hillside above.

History

Ailsa Craig in the 1840s

Ailsa Craig in the background with Dunure in 1840

Ailsa Craig was a haven for Roman Catholics during the Scottish Reformation. In 1597 the Catholic supporter, Hugh Barclay of Ladyland, took possession of Ailsa Craig, which he was intent on using as a provisioning and stopping off point for a Spanish invasion which would re-establish the Catholic faith in Scotland. He was discovered by the Protestant minister Andrew Knox and upon being discovered he either tried to escape or deliberately drowned himself in the sea off Ailsa Craig.^[6]

In 1831, the twelfth earl of Cassillis became first Marquess of Ailsa, taking the title from the Craig, which was his property.

From the mid-19th to mid-20th centuries, the island was quarried for its rare type of micro-granite with riebeckite (known as "Ailsite") which was used to make curling stones. As of 2004, 60 to 70% of all curling stones in use were made from granite from the island.^[7] The floor of the Chapel of the Thistle in St Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh is also made of this rock.

Ailsa Craig is now uninhabited, the lighthouse having been automated in 1990.^[8] Though quarry blasting is no longer allowed, loose granite rock from the island has been recently used for manufacture into curling stones by the Kays of Scotland company.^[9] The island is now a bird sanctuary. Huge numbers of gannets nest here and following a pioneering technique to eradicate the island's imported population of rats a growing number of puffins are choosing to return to the Craig from nearby Glunimore and Sheep Islands.

The island belongs to the 8th Marquess of Ailsa, 19th Earl of Cassillis.

Alternative names

The name of the island is an anglicisation of the Gaelic, Aillse Creag, or Creag Ealasaid, now understood to mean "Elizabeth's rock". The first element, Aillse, appears to represent Allt Shasann, "cliff of the English", mentioned in the Book of Leinster as Aldasain.^[10] The 10th-century Cath Maige Mucrama appears to refer to the area around Port Ríg (modern Portree) as the airer Saxan ocus Bretan, "the coastland of the English and Welsh", indicating that the region's Northumbrian character was still notable to the Gaelic-speakers settling the region in this period.^[11]

As a result of being the most conspicuous landmark in the channel between Ireland and Scotland, the island is known by a number of different names;

• A' Chreag: "the rock"
• Creag Alasdair: "Alasdair's rock"
• Ealasaid a' Chuain: "Elizabeth of the ocean"
• Alasan
• Carraig Alasdair: Also "Alasdair's Rock", used in the Madness of Sweeney ^[2]

The name Elizabeth is actually a corruption of Elspeth, and refers to Elspeth McCrudden, daughter of Alexander "Sawney" Bean who planted The Hairy Tree in the Ayrshire town of Girvan (which is visible from Ailsa Craig). Local legend holds that Elspeth tried (unsuccessfully) to swim to Ailsa Craig to escape the mob who later hanged her from The Hairy Tree.

The island is sometimes known as Paddy's Milestone^[12], being approximately the halfway point of the sea journey from Belfast to Glasgow, a traditional route of emigration for many Irish labourers coming to Scotland to seek work.

The Bass Rock is sometimes nicknamed "the Ailsa Craig of the East"^{[citation needed]}, but its prominence in the Firth of Forth is not as great as that of Ailsa Craig in the Firth of Clyde.

In April 2009, Northern Irish singer/songwriter, Foy Vance, released the EP 'Portraits Of The Artist', which contained a song titled 'Portraits of Ailsa Craig'.^[13]

Coordinates: 55°15′7″N 5°6′59″W / 55.25194°N 5.11639°W / 55.25194; -5.11639

Notes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ailsa Craig

References

• Clancy, Thomas Owen (2008), "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway", Journal of Scottish Name Studies 2: 19–50, ISSN 1747-7387 
• Watson, W.J., The Celtic Place-Names of Scotland, (Edinburgh, 1926) reprinted, with an Introduction, full Watson bibliography and corrigenda by Simon Taylor (Edinburgh, 2004)

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

External links

• Entry on the Maybole Home Page
• Ailsa Craig Index — computer-generated virtual panoramas
• Pictures of Ailsa Craig