Alūksne

Alūksne
—  Town  —
The New Castle of Alūksne
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname(s): Marienburg; Aluliina; Aluliin; Mariburḱ; Marinburḱ
Alūksne Location in Latvia
Coordinates: 57°25′N 27°3′E / 57.417°N 27.05°E / 57.417; 27.05
Country	Latvia
District	Alūksne District
Town rights	1920
Government
- Mayor	Viktors Litaunieks
Area
- Total	14.2 km2 (5.5 sq mi)
Elevation	200 m (656 ft)
Population
- Total	9,308
- Density	655/km2 (1,696.4/sq mi)
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
- Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code	LV-430(1-2)
Calling code	+371 643

Alūksne (German: Marienburg (help·info)) is a town on the shores of Lake Alūksne in northeastern Latvia near the borders with Estonia and Russia. It is the seat of Alūksne District.

History

The region around Lake Alūksne was originally settled by Finnic-speaking tribes, and from the 8th-12th centuries by Latgalians. The date of settlement at the current location of the town, then known as Olysta, Alyst, and Volyst, is given in the chronicles of Pskov as 1284. The later name Alūksne comes from the Latgalian word olūksna, meaning a spring in the forest.

The Latgalian inhabitants of the settlement were conquered by the German crusaders of the Livonian Order in 1342^{[citation needed]} . They built a castle named Marienburg (after Mary, the mother of Jesus) on a nearby island, which served to protect trade routes from Riga to Pskov. The town which developed near the castle also became known as Marienburg.

Marienburg was captured by the troops of Ivan IV of Russia in 1560 during the Livonian War. It was incorporated into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1582. The town became part of the Swedish Empire in 1629.

Ernst Glück, a Lutheran clergyman and the first translator of the Bible into Latvian, founded the first Latvian language schools in Vidzeme in 1683. It is now the Alūksne Museum The Russian army led by Sheremetyev captured the town during the Great Northern War in 1702, doing great damage to the area and deporting all the inhabitants, including Glück and his foster daughter, Marta Skavronska, who later became Empress Catherine I of Russia.

The town's island is known as Pils Island (Castle Island) and Maria Island. Alūksne Castle is now used as an open air theater.

See also

List of cities in Latvia

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