Wikipedia:
Çalım
- The title of this article contains the following characters: ç and ı. Where they are unavailable or not desired, the name may be represented as Chalem.
Çalım /cha-LEM/ was a citadel and a staff of Tatar troops, which was constructed during the war against the Russian occupation of Khanate of Kazan in 1552-1556. The citadel was constructed by the people under Mameshbirde at the right bank of Volga at the Sundır hill in 1555. It was situated in 160 çaqrım upper than Kazan. In 1556 it was seizured by Russian troops and ruined.
(Tatar) "Çalım". Tatar Encyclopedia. (2002). Kazan: Tatarstan Republic Academy of Sciences Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia.
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