Al-Tira
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Al-Tira (Ramla)
| Al-Tira | |
 Al-Tira
|
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| Arabic | |
| Name Meaning | "The Fort"[1] |
| District | Ramla |
| Coordinates | 32°01′01.7″N 34°56′34.9″E / 32.017139°N 34.943028°ECoordinates: 32°01′01.7″N 34°56′34.9″E / 32.017139°N 34.943028°E |
| Population | 1290 (1945) |
| Area | |
| Date of depopulation | July 10, 1948[2] |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault by Yishuv forces |
Al-Tira was a Palestinian Arab village in the District of Ramla. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War on July 10, 1948 by the Alexandroni and Armored (Eighth) brigades under Operation Dani. It was located 12 km northeast of Ramla. al-Tira was mostly destroyed with the exception of a few houses survived destruction.
History
In 1517, Tira was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire along with the rest of Palestine, and by 1596 it was a part of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Ramla, which was under the administration of the liwa ("district") of Gaza. A village of 160, it paid taxes on wheat, barley, vineyards, fruit trees, beehives, and goats.[3]
French scholar Victor Guérin visited Tira in 1870, and he described the village as being made of adobe, with 700 inhabitants.[4] A decade later, The Survey of Western Palestine described it as: "A mud village of moderate size, with cactus hedges, situated at the edge of the plain, the hills rising behind; on the west, by the high road, is a good well, with remains of masonry."[5]
In 1945 the village had a population of 1,290. An elementary school was founded in 1922, and by 1947-48 it had an enrollment of 110 boys and 22 girls.
al-'Umari Mosque was one of the notable landmarks.
References
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p.246
- ^ Morris, 2004, p xviii village #216. Also gives cause of depopulation.
- ^ Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter and Kamal Abdulfattah, 1977, Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, p.153, cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 417
- ^ Guérin, 1875, p. 355, cited in Petersen, 2002, p. 307
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP, II, p.298
Bibliography
- Conder, Claude Reignier and H.H. Kitchener (1881): The Survey of Western Palestine: memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology. London:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. vol 2 p.378 )
- Guérin, M. V. (1875): Description Géographique, Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine. Samarie, 2 pt. ("Seconde partie -Samarie")("Tome II") p. 391
- Hadawi, Sami (1970), Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine, Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center, http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html
- Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth and Kamal Abdulfattah (1977), Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century, Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft
- Khalidi, Walid (1992), All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948, Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, ISBN 0-88728-224-5
- Morris, Benny (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6. http://books.google.com/?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=benny+morris&q.
- Palmer, E. H. (1881): The survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English name lists collected during the survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and explained by E.H. Palmer.
- al-Qawuqji, Fauzi (1972): Memoirs of al-Qawuqji, Fauzi in Journal of Palestine Studies
- "Memoirs, 1948, Part I" in 1, no. 4 (Sum. 72): 27-58., dpf-file, downloadable
- "Memoirs, 1948, Part II" in 2, no. 1 (Aut. 72): 3-33., dpf-file, downloadable
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