 ‘Alī al-Hādī Imams of Twelver Shi'a Islam |
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 A modern depiction by a Shi'a artist |
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| Rank | Tenth Twelver Imām |
| Name | ‘Alī ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Alī |
| Kunya | Abū al-Hasan[1] |
| Birth | 15th Dhu al-Hijjah 212 AH ≈ 5 March 828 C.E. |
| Death | 3rd Rajab 254 AH ≈ 27 June 868 C.E. |
| Birthplace | Madīnah[1] |
| Buried | al-‘Askarī Mosque, Sāmarrā' |
| Life Duration | Before Imāmate: 8 years (212 - 220 AH) Imāmate: 34 years (220 - 254 AH) |
| Titles | *al-Hādī[1] (Arabic for Guide) *an-Naqī[1] (Arabic for Pure) *Onuncu Ali (Turkish for Tenth Ali) |
| Spouse(s) | (Hadīthah or Sūsan)[2][3] or Salīl[3] |
| Father | Muhammad at-Taqī |
| Mother | Sumānah[1] |
| Children | Hasan al-‘Askarī(successor), Aisha[4][5] |
al-Sajjad · al-Baqir · al-Sadiq |
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‘Alī al-Hādī (Arabic: علي الهادي النقي), also known as ‘Alī an-Naqī (March 5, 828 – June 27, 868) was the tenth of the Twelve Imams. He was born ‘Alī ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Alī.
Quotations related to ‘Alī al-Hādī an-Naqī at Wikiquote
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Birth and family life
‘Alī al-Hādī was born in Madīnah to the ninth Shī‘ah Imām, Muhammad al-Taqi, and Lady Sumānah.[1] He was eight years old when his father died, and when he was appointed with Imāmate. During the remaining years of the Caliphate of al-Mu‘tasim and the five year Caliphate of al-Wāthiq, al-Hādī and the Shī‘ah community of Madīnah lived in relative peace[1], with al-Hādī mostly engaged in teaching.[citation needed]
House arrest
In 848 during the caliphate of Al-Mutawakkil, he was summoned to Baghdad and put under house arrest in Samarra, along with his son Hasan al-Askari. His time in prison was a time of great persecution against the Shia. The quarter of the city where al-Hadi lived was known as al-Askar since it was chiefly occupied by the army (askar) and, therefore, al-Hadi and his son Hasan are both referred to as 'Askari or together as al-‘Askariyyān ("the two ‘Askariyy"). According to Twelvers, al-Mutawakkil attempted to kill al-Hadi at least once but was frustrated by a miracle.[6]
Unique traits and legacy
In Twelverism, he is described as being endowed with the knowledge of the languages of the Persians, Slavs, Indians and Nabataeans in addition to foreknowing unexpected storms and as accurately prophesying deaths and other events. He is reported to have correctly predicted al-Mutawakkil's death within three days after the Caliph had either humiliated him or had him imprisoned. In the presence of al-Mutawakkil, he unmasked a woman falsely claiming to be Zaynab, daughter of Ali, by descending into a lions' den in order to prove that lions do not harm true descendants of Ali (a similar miracle is also attributed to his grandfather, Ali al-Rida). A theological treatise on human free will and some other short texts and statements ascribed to al-Hadi are quoted by Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn ʻAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Shuʻbah al-Harrānī.[7]
Death
He would live out his life under house arrest, until the orders of al-Mu‘taz had ‘Alī al-Hādī poisoned.[1] Thereafter, al-Hādī was buried at his house in Samarra by his son, who was also the only person to attend his funeral. His burial spot is now the al-‘Askarī Mosque, one of the holiest Shī‘ah shrines.
Shrine Bombing
On February 22, 2006 , a bomb attack in Iraq badly damaged the shrine of Askari[8], the burial place of al-Hadi and his son Hasan al-‘Askarī, another attack was executed on 13 June 2007 which led to the destruction of the two minarets of the shrine, both attacks were made by Wahabi/Sunni extremists [9].
Descendants
His direct descendants are called Naqvi's (also spelled as Naqhavi or Naqavi in Iran and the Arab world respectively). They primarily reside in Pakistan as well as a small but prominent minority in India.
Timeline
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Clan of the Banu Quraish
Born: 15th Dhu al-Hijjah 212 AH ≈ 5th March 828 CE Died: 3rd Rajab 254 AH ≈ 27th June 868 CE |
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| Shī‘a Islam titles | ||
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| Preceded by Muhammad al-Taqi |
10th Imam of Twelver Shi'a Islam 835 – 868 |
Succeeded by Hasan al-Askari |
See also
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles. Qum: Ansariyan Publications. 2004. pp. 151.
- ^ A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles. Qum: Ansariyan Publications. 2004. pp. 155.
- ^ a b al-Qurashi, Baqir Shareef (2005). The Life of Imam al-Hasan al-Askari. Qum: Ansariyan Publications. pp. 16.
- ^ Al-Irshad, by Shaikh al-Mufid [pg.334], and Kashf al-Ghumma, by Abu al-Hasan al-Iribli [v.2, pg.334]
- ^ Imam Ali an-Naqi al-Hadi (‘a)
- ^ Moojan Momen, An Introduction to Shi'i Islam, Yale University Press 1985
- ^ al-Ḥasan ibn ʻAlī Ḥarrānī 1969: Tuḥaf al-ụqūl ʻan āl al-Rasūl, allafahu Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn ʻAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Shuʻbah al-Harrānī. Qaddama lahu Muḥammad al-Husayn al-Aʻlamī, Bayrūt, Muʾassasat al-Aʻlamī lil-Maṭbūʻāt
- ^ BBC NEWS | Middle East | Iraqi blast damages Shia shrine
- ^ BBC NEWS | Middle East | Blast hits key Iraq Shia shrine
External links
- Ali al-Hadi by Wilferd Madelung an article of Encyclopedia Iranica
- The Tenth Imam
- Imam Ali an-Naqi
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