Any of several common
silicate minerals that often occur as whitish to variously coloured, glassy crystals. The alkali
feldspars may be regarded as mixtures of sodium aluminosilicate (NaAlSi
3O
8) and potassium aluminosilicate (KAlSi
3O
8). Both the sodium and potassium aluminosilicates have several distinct forms, each with a different structure. Alkali feldspars are used in the manufacture of glass and ceramics; transparent, highly coloured, or iridescent varieties are sometimes used as gemstones. They are primarily important, however, as constituents of rocks (
see plagioclase).
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