Alloimmunity is a condition in which the body gains immunity, from another individual of the same species, against its own cells.[1]
Alloimmunity should not be confused with autoimmunity in which the body's immune system attacks its own cells without being provoked or influenced by substances or cells from another member of the same species.
One alloantigen is known as "Qa-1".[2]
If either alloimmunity or autoimmunity is directed against red blood cells (RBCs), the direct Coombs test is positive.
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Pathophysiology
An alloantigen is an
Causes
Alloimmunity can occur
- in the recipient after transfusions of fluids such as blood or plasma.
- in the recipient after allografts (grafts).
- in the fetus after maternal antibodies have passed through the placenta into the fetus, as in haemolytic disease of the newborn and fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.
Alloimmunity can be regulated by neonatal B cells.[4]
See also
References
- ^ McCance, Kathryn L.; Huether, Sue E. (1996). Understanding pathophysiology. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year Book, Inc. pp. 185. ISBN 0-8151-4081-9.
- ^ Germana S, Shinohara N (December 1991). "Qa-1/Tla region alloantigen-specific CTL with alpha beta receptor". Immunology 74 (4): 578–82. PMID 1838350.
- ^ Abbas AK and Lichtman AH. Basic Immunology: Functions and Disorders of the Immune System. Second Edition, Updated Edition 2006-2007. Elsevier Saunders Publishing.
- ^ Walker WE, Goldstein DR (August 2007). "Neonatal B cells suppress innate toll-like receptor immune responses and modulate alloimmunity". J. Immunol. 179 (3): 1700–10. PMID 17641036. http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17641036.
External links
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