alveolar trill
| IPA – number | 122 |
| r | |
| IPA – image | ![]() |
| r | |
| r | |
| r<trl> | |
Sound sample? |
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The alveolar trill is a type of
In the majority of Indo-European languages this sound is at least
occasionally allophonic with an alveolar tap [ɾ], particularly in unstressed positions. Exceptions to this include
Features
Features of the alveolar trill:
- Its
manner of articulation istrill , which means it is produced by vibrations of the tongue against the place of articulation. - Its
place of articulation is alveolar which means it is articulated with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge. - Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a
central consonant , which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides. - The
airstream mechanism ispulmonic egressive , which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | Meaning | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz | [aʃʷara] | 'measure' | See |
||
| Afrikaans | rooi | [rɔɪ] | 'red' | ||
| rrush | [ruʃ] | 'grape' | |||
| رأس | [ræʔs] | 'head' | represented by a <ر>. See Arabic phonology | ||
| Basque | errota | [eˈrota] | 'mill' | ||
| borrar | [buˈra]) | 'to delete' | See Catalan phonology | ||
| Croatian | tri | [tri] | 'three' | May be syllabic. | |
| Czech | [xlɔ̝r] | 'chlorine' | May be syllabic. See |
||
| rood | [rɔd] | 'red' | Standard pronunciation. Pronunciation of 'r' varies regionally, see Dutch phonology | ||
| Scottish | curd | [kʌrd] | 'curd' | See English phonology | |
| Finnish | [purːɑ] | 'to bite' | See |
||
| southern France | rouge | [ruʒ] | 'red' | See Standard and Quebec French phonologies. | |
| rural Quebec | |||||
| southern dialects | Robe | [roːbə] | 'robe' | See German phonology | |
| Greek | νερό | [ne̞ˈro̞] | 'water' | See Modern Greek phonology | |
| Hungarian | [εrdøː] | 'forest' | See |
||
| terra | [ˈtɛrra] | 'earth' | See Italian phonology | ||
| Ngwe | Njoagwi dialect | [lɛ̀rɛ́] | 'eye' | ||
| Polish | [rεŋka] | 'hand' | See |
||
| Portuguese | [käˈru] | 'car' | See |
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| Romanian | [mər] | 'apple' | See |
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| Russian | [ɪˈgr̠atʲ] | 'to play' | Retracted. See |
||
| [r̩t] | 'cape' | May be syllabic | |||
| example needed | -- | May be syllabic | |||
| rey | [rej] | 'king' | See Spanish phonology | ||
| Ubykh | [bəqˁʼərda] | 'to roll around' | |||
| Welsh | [ˈr̥aːgvɨr] | ' |
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Raised alveolar non-sonorant trill
There is a phone (different from [r]) which is exclusively used in Czech (in words such as rybáři 'fishermen'). Its manner of articulation is similar but the
tongue is raised; it is partially
See also
List of phonetic topics
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The Letter "R" |
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| General: | The letter R · |
| Pronunciations: | Alveolar trill [r] · Alveolar approximant [ɹ] · Alveolar tap [ɾ] · Alveolar lateral flap [ɺ] · |
| Variations: | R rotunda · Ɍɍ (R with
stroke) · Ʀʀ · Ȑȑ · |
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