Amade Aba

Area ruled by Amade Aba

Amade Aba, sometimes Amadeus Aba (? – 5 September 1311, Kassa, today Košice in Slovakia) was a Hungarian oligarch in the Kingdom of Hungary who ruled de facto independently the northern and north-eastern counties of the kingdom (today parts of Hungary, Slovakia and Ukraine). He held the office of Palatine (nádor) several times (1288–1289, 1290–1291, 1293, 1295–1296, 1297–1298, 1299–1301, 1302–1310), and he was also the Judge of the Royal Court (országbíró) twice (1283, 1289). He was assassinated at the south gate in the city of Kassa by one of the Angevin dynasty supportersTemplate:Reference: Archives of Archbishopric of Eger.

Early career

Amade Aba was the son of David, a member of the Genus Aba a powerful Hungarian oligarch. (Clan Aba). He fought in the Battle of Marchfeld in the troops King Ladislaus IV of Hungary sent to King Rudolph I of Germany against King Ottokar II of Bohemia (26 August 1278). In 1280, Amade became the head of Hermannstadt (today Sibiu in Romania), i.e., the royal officer appointed to administer the Transylvanian Saxons. King Ladislaus IV appointed him to the office of Judge of the Royal Court in 1283. In February 1285, he fought successfully against the Mongols who were pillaging the north-eastern parts of the kingdom. Amade (Amadej in Polish) received land and special privileges in Poland from Wladyslaw Lokietek King of Poland.

Division of Aba family lines

A nemzetség ismert tagjai

Amadé-ág

   Aba nembeli Dávid ispán                                 (David was the father to Finta, Amade and Peter).
   Aba nembeli Finta nádor IV. Béla idején, Dávid fia
   Aba Amadé (†1311) nádor, tartományúr, Dávid fia
   Aba nembeli Péter (†1294 után) országbíró, Dávid fia

Debröi ág

   Bökény
   Aba nembeli Makján nádor (1286–87), Bökény fia               (Makján son of Bökény Aba).

Az Aba nemzetség ágai (The branches of Genus Aba).

   I.      Adácsi-ág' - elsö ismert öse: Bernát, Péter, Miklós (1337)
   II.  Amadé-ág' - öse Dávid comes (1280) fiai: Péter (Börén) 1280, Finta (1275-1282), I. Amadé (1278-1311), 
   III.         Apos-ág - öse Apos, kinek fiai: Bökény (1252-1255), Csaba (1255)
   IV.  Aszalay- és Szikszai-ág - Marhard ága (1252-1271), 1246-1254 között újvári föispán
   V.   Atyinay-ág - öse: Péter comes
   VI.  Bodon ág 1. 2. - öse: Bodon comes
   VII.         Bodon ág : 2. Bodon
   VIII.        Bodrog- Keresztúri-ág - öse: I. Artolf (1212-1214), kinek fia Prügy (Pued Prud), 1252-1272
   IX.  Borh- Bodon-ág - öse: Borh I. Bodon, fia György (1285)
   X.   Csente-ág - öse: Csente I. János (1289)
   XI.  Csirke-ág - öse: Ábrahám, fia: Izsák (1263)                             

   XII. Csobánka ág - öse: Csobánka comes volt.                    

Csobánkának 2 fia volt:

       János comes (1267-1275) ö volt az isaszegi hös.

Jánosnak 3 fia ismert:

               - László (1296-1302 † 1304 elött.                           
               - Sámuel (1301-1341. Fia II. Dávid (1344) volt.
               - I. Dávid 1301-1341

       Péter (1302) Fia Pál volt (1304-1339.

   XIII.   Debrei-ág - öse: I. Makján. Fiai: Becse (1242-1258) és Bökény (1255-1258)
   XIV.  Gagyi ág - öse: Gereven (1285-1296). Tölük származnak a Gagyi, Gagyi Báthory és Vendéghy családok.
   XV.  Galgóczy-ág - öse: I. Aba comes. Fiai: Tamás (1245-1247) és II. Aba (1251-1312) Mint Csák Máté hadainak vezére Rozgonynál esett el 1312-ben.
   XVI.         Györkey-ág - öse: I. György, fia: Bodon (1280-1312) - töle származnak a Lapispstsky és Zsegney (Lapis            pataki) családok.
   XVII. Kompolty-ág - öse: I. Kompolt, fia: II. Kompolt comes (1252-1264)
   XVIII.Lipóczi-ág - öse: Sükösd. Fiai: I. Demeter (1214-1243), Aba (meghalt 1215 körül), Mikola (meghalt 1234                         elött), László (1234) Töle származott a Nekcsey, Lipóczy és Keczer csalás.
   XIX.         Litéri-ág - öse: Márton
   XX.  Nádasdy-ág - öse: Aba. Fia: Miklós (Ósvai) 1269-1285. Unokája: Laczk (László) (1288-1309)
   XXI.  Rédei-ágak  (Birtokosa ekkor az Aba nemzetség Rédey ága volt.)

       1. -I.      Pata. Fiai: I. Demeter (1275), II. Pata, I. Olivér (1280-ban Hódnál esett el).
       2.               Gárgyán I. László (Garduan),Gardián 1275.
       3. I.    Kemény - fia: Vörös (Rufus) Dezsö 1275, 1302, unokája: Rédey Jakab (1343-1352)
       4.               Mikó. Fia: Mikocsa (I. Miklós vagy Mihály, 1339-1351)
       5.               Szentmárton-rédei II. Vanyarcz János (1351)
       6.               Tási Rédey I. Péter. Fia: III. Demeter (1340)
       7.               Berczeli Rédey II. László. Fia: IV. Miklós (1340)               

   XXII. Solymosy-ág - Ebböl két családfatöredék maradt fenn: Benenik ága és Mihály ága.

       Benenik két fia közül Pál (1275) és Ismeretlen nevü (1303)
       Mihály - fiai: Benenik comes (1342), István (1342), Kompold (1342)

   XXIII. Somosy-ág - öse I. Péter. Ez ágból származtak a Budaméry, Köszegi és Somosy családok.

XXIV. Szalánczy-ág - öse Csoma. Fia: I. Péter (1270) kinek 3 fia I. Mihály (1298-1303), Petöcz (II. Péter) 1298-1335 és I. Lörinc (1303).

I. Mihály nevü fiától származik a Bertóthy család, míg I. Lörinctöl a Vitézy család ered. De ez ágból származtak még a Jobbágyi, Sirokay, Fricsy és Hedry családok is.

   XXV. Tarjáni-ág - öse György. Fiai: Péter 1252-1258, Etre 1275-1276, Sándor (1275)
   XXVI. Ugray-ág - öse I. Miklós. Fia: Csele (1325-1331)
   XXVII. Verpeléti ág - öse Demeter. Fia: Nagy Leusták (1371-meghalt 1328 elött)
   XXVIII. Egyes tagok

- Vitalis (1205-1235 körül) - Leusták. Fia: Alolbodus (Alcol bodun) comes, aki 1228-ban királyi ember volt. - Weitich - István - Wata. Fia: László (lefejezték 1265 elött)

The powerful magnate

After 9 August 1288, Amade became Palatine and he hold the office for the first time until 1289 when he received the office of the Judge of the Royal Court again. Later, he rebelled against the king whose troops occupied one of his castles, Tokaj (before 27 May 1290). Following the king's death (10 July 1290), Amade became the loyal supporter of King Andrew III of Hungary who appointed him Palatine. Although the king appointed a new Palatine already in 1291, he still continued to use the title until his death, and later he was confirmed in the office several times by the kings. After 1297, Amade was among the most powerful supporters of King Andrew III and he even made a formal allience with the king and his other followers in the second half of 1298.

When King Andrew III died (14 January 1301), some of the powerful aristocrats (Amade was among them) became the supporters of Wenceslaus, the crown prince of Bohemia, while others supported the claim of Charles, a member of the Angevin dynasty. However, Wenceslaus left the kingdom (August 1304), and shortly afterwards, Amade concluded an agreement with Charles and Duke Rudolph III of Austria against Wenceslaus' father, King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia. In 1304 and 1305, Amade gave military assistance to Duke Władysław of Cuiavia against King Wenceslaus II who had occupied Lesser Poland.

Amade was present at the Assembly of Rákos (10 October 1307) where the participants confirmed Charles' claim for the throne. Charles was proclaimed king at the Assembly in Pest (27 November 1308), in the presence of Amade. In 1308, he became the head (ispán) of Szepes. Amade was present when King Charles was crowned in Buda (15 June 1309). Afterwards, he mediated between the king and Ladislaus Kán, the powerful Voivod of Transylvania who made a promise that he would transfer the Holy Crown of Hungary to the king.

Last years

King Charles betrayed Amade Aba by having him assassinated by Philip Druget and his supporters. This took place in Kassa just before the Saint Michael Feast on 5th of September 1311. Part of Amade’s estates were confiscated and divided between Charles and his supporters.

When we take into considering that from the moment Charales arrived in Hungary as a 13 years old boy, and Amade became his principal mentor and protector, the assassination is that much more outrages even for the middle ages.

Reference: Archives of Archbishopric of Eger.

Dominion Aba

Amade and his brother, Finta inherited Nevicke (today Nyevickoje, Ukraine) from their father, where Amade had a castle built. They may also have inherited Szokoly (today Sokol' in Slovakia). His dominion developed gradually in the course of the last decades of the 13th century. In 1288, King Ladislaus IV granted him the County Ung, thus he could hold the former royal possessions in the county until his death. Around 1300, he acquired Boldogkő Castle and Gönc, later he also held Regéc. In 1310, he occupied Lubló (today Stará Ľubovňa in Slovakia) and Munkács (today Mukachevo in Ukraine).

He usurped the Royal Prerogative in his dominion, e.g. he granted lands and nobility to his followers. Amade governed his possessions from his seat in Gönc.

Following his death, his sons could not maintain his power, and after their defeat at the Battle of Rozgony (today Rozhanovce in Slovakia) his dominion disintegrated. Most of his castles and possessions were obtained by members of the Drugeth family in the 1320s-1340s.

Sources

• Markó, László: A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig - Életrajzi Lexikon (The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days - A Biographical Encyclopedia); Magyar Könyvklub, 2000, Budapest; ISBN 963-547-085-1.
• Engel, Pál: Magyarország világi archontológiája (1301–1457) (The Temporal Archontology of Hungary (1301–1457)); História - MTA Történettudományi Intézete, 1996, Budapest; ISBN 963-8312-43-2.