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American Cancer Society
The American Cancer Society (ACS) is a nationwide community-based health organization dedicated to eliminating cancer as a major health problem. Established in 1913 by a handful of physicians and business people in New York City, the ACS has grown into one of the world's largest voluntary health organizations. It has a staff of 6,000, over 2 million volunteers, and receives financial donations from over 10 million people annually. With assets of over $1 billion and an income of approximately $700 million per year, the society has established ambitious goals for controlling cancer incidence and mortality and improving the quality of life for survivors and their families.
While the ACS is recognized for its unique research programs, which have provided critical support for thirty Nobel laureates, it is also the major nonprofit sponsor of cancer control programs, advocacy efforts, and cancer information delivery systems. The American Cancer Society created a "cancer-conscious public," pioneering research and public programs that reduce mortality through prevention and early detection. ACS created the National Cancer Institute in the 1930s and lobbied for the renewal of the National Cancer Act in 1971. Currently, the ACS operates a 24-hour cancer information telephone line and publishes the widely used "Cancer Facts and Figures."
The ACS consists of a national organization, seventeen individually chartered and incorporated divisions, and local offices in 3,000 communities throughout the country. The national organization is governed by a 267-member volunteer assembly and a 43-member board of directors. The primary staff officer, the chief executive officer, works with the other officers and with volunteer and staff leaders to develop and implement methodologies designed to implement the society's mission.
(SEE ALSO: Cancer)
Bibliography
Ross, W. (1987). Crusade: The Official History of the American Cancer Society. New York: Arbor House.
— HELENE BROWN; JOHN R. SEFFRIN
American Cancer Society
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American Cancer Society
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| Founded | 1913 |
|---|---|
| Location | Atlanta, Georgia |
| Origins | New York, New York |
| Key people | John R. Seffrin, PhD, Chief Executive Officer Otis Webb Brawley, MD, Chief Medical Officer W. Phil Evans, MD, FACR, President Cynthia M. LeBlanc, EdD, Chair |
| Area served | United States and Puerto Rico. |
| Focus | "To save lives by helping people stay well, helping people get well, by finding cures, and fighting back."[1] |
| Method | Cancer research, Endowments, Public policy, and Education.[1] |
| Website | cancer.org |
The American Cancer Society (ACS) is a nationwide voluntary health organization dedicated to eliminating cancer.
Established in 1913, the society is organized into twelve[2] geographical divisions of both medical and lay volunteers operating in more than 900 offices throughout the United States and Puerto Rico.[3] Its home office is located in the American Cancer Society Center in Atlanta, Georgia. As the official journals the ACS publishes Cancer, CA: A Cancer Journal For Clinicians and Cancer Cytopathology. [4]
The society was originally founded in 1913 by 15 physicians and businessmen in New York City under the name American Society for the Control of Cancer (ASCC). The current name was adopted in 1945.[5]
The sword symbol, adopted by the American Cancer Society in 1928, was designed by George E. Durant of Brooklyn, New York. According to Durant, the two serpents forming the handle represent the scientific and medical focus of the society’s mission and the blade expresses the “crusading spirit of the cancer control movement."[6]
Its activities include providing grants to researchers, running public health advertising campaigns, and organizing projects such as the Relay For Life and the Great American Smokeout. It operates a series of thrift stores to raise money for its operations. Notable endorsements include the 4K for Cancer, a 4000-mile bike ride from Baltimore to San Francisco to raise money for the society's Hope Lodge.[7]
In 1994, the Chronicle of Philanthropy, an industry publication, released the results of the largest study of charitable and non-profit organization popularity and credibility conducted by Nye Lavalle & Associates. The study showed that the American Cancer Society was ranked as the 10th "most popular charity/non-profit in America" of over 100 charities researched with 38% of Americans over the age of 12 choosing Love and Like A lot for the American Cancer Society.[8]
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Fund allocation
The society’s allocation of funds for the fiscal year ending August 31, 2010, lists 72% of funds for Program Services (Patient Support 28%, Research 16%, Prevention 16%, Detection and Treatment 12%). The remaining 28% are allocated for supporting services (Fundraising 21%, and Management, General administration 7%) meeting the Better Business Bureau's Standards for Charity Accountability (At least 65% to program services and no more than 35% to overhead and fundraising expenses).[9]
John R. Seffrin, CEO of the American Cancer Society, received $2,222,272 salary/compensation from the charity. This is the second most money given by any charity to the head of that charity, according to Charity Watch. The money included $1.5 million in a retention benefit approved in 2001, “to preserve management stability.”[10]
The society has funded 46 Nobel Prize laureates including James D. Watson, Mario Capecchi, Oliver Smithies, Paul Berg, E. Donnall Thomas, and Walter Gilbert.[11]
Evaluations
Charity Navigator rates the society three of four stars.[12] According to Charity Navigator the society is directed to "eliminating cancer" and destroying it. The American Cancer Society's website contains a chronological listing of specific accomplishments in the fight against cancer, for example the unipod technological device of UTD, that the ACS had a hand in, including the funding of various scientists who went on to discover life-saving cancer treatments, and advocating for increased use of preventative techniques.[13]
Charity Watch rates American Cancer Society a "C".[14]
Scandals
Ohio embezzlement
In 2000, Dan Wiant, an administrative officer of the American Cancer Society of Ohio, pled guilty to embezzling $7 million from the organization.[15]
New York embezzlement
In the 1980s, an employee of a New York branch was indicted for a tax fraud scheme that allowed individuals to fraudulently claim contributions, much of which had been returned to them.[16]
Lack of control over state affiliates
In 1995, the Arizona chapter of the American Cancer Society was targeted for its extremely high overhead. Two economists, James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo, issued a report analyzing the chapter's financial statements and demonstrating that the Arizona chapter used about 95% of its donations for paying salaries and other overhead costs, resulting in a 22 to 1 ratio of overhead to actual money spent on the cause. The report also asserted that the Arizona chapter's annual report had grossly misrepresented the amount of money spent on patient services, inflating it by more than a factor of 10. The American Cancer Society responded by alleging that the two economists issuing the report were working for a group funded by the tobacco industry.[17]
Criticisms
Prostate cancer screening recommendations
American Cancer Society’s position on the value of universal prostate cancer screening has been debated. Currently American Cancer Society’s position on prostate cancer screening is not that screening, per se, is unwarranted but that the currently available PSA diagnostic test is inadequate for justifying mass screening for prostate cancer, and that a new, more accurate test is desperately needed.
Declines donations from atheist organization
The American Cancer Society turned down participation from the Foundation Beyond Belief in its Relay For Life "National Team" program, worth more than $500,000. ACS responded to the criticism by stating the "National Team" was a corporate sponsorship program and that no non-profits or advocacy groups were included in this sponsorship program. [18]
See also
- Relay For Life, the signature event of the American Cancer Society
- Great American Smokeout
- Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy
- David A. Wood (Pathologist) A past president of the American Cancer Society and winner of its Distinguished service award.
- American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network
- American Cancer Society Center
- Cattle Baron's Ball, an annual Dallas-based fundraising event
References
- ^ a b "About The American Cancer Society". About Us. http://www.cancer.org/AboutUs/index. Retrieved 2011-07-05.
- ^ American Cancer Society: Fact Sheet
- ^ "Books and Journals". http://www.cancer.org/AboutUs/BooksandJournals/index. Retrieved 2011-07-05.
- ^ name="charitynavigator.org"
- ^ "ACS History". Archived from the original on 2008-01-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20080112014957/http://www.cancer.org/docroot/AA/content/AA_1_4_ACS_History.asp. Retrieved 2008-01-16.
- ^ "Hope Lodge Baltimore". http://www.cancer.org/docroot/subsite/hopelodge/MD_Baltimore/bm_news_one.asp. Retrieved 2008-07-28.
- ^ The Charities Americans Like Most And Least, The Chronicle of Philanthropy, December 13, 1996 And USA Today, December 20, 1994, "Charity begins with health", FINAL 01D
- ^ "American Cancer Society Annual Report 2010". http://www.cancer.org/AboutUs/WhoWeAre/AnnualReport/index. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
- ^ Charity Rating Guide and Watchdog Report, Volume Number 59, December 2011
- ^ "American Cancer Society". Nobel Prize Winners. http://www.cancer.org/docroot/RES/content/RES_7_6_Nobel_Prize_Winners.asp. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
- ^ "American Cancer Society". Charity Navigator. http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=6495. Retrieved 2009-04-21.
- ^ "ACS: Milestones". American Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.org/docroot/AA/content/AA_1_3_Milestones.asp?sitearea=&level=. Retrieved 2008-11-19.[dead link]
- ^ Charity Rating Guide and Watchdog Report, Volume Number 59, December 2011
- ^ Cancer Society Executive Surrenders to the F.B.I.. The New York Times. Retrieved on February 9, 2007.
- ^ Ex-Fund-Raiser At Cancer Society Indicted In $4 MillionTax Fraud. The New York Times. Retrieved on February 9, 2007.
- ^ John Dougherty, "CHARITABLE TAKING THE ARIZONA DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY EATS UP 95 PERCENT OF ITS BUDGET WITH SALARIES AND OVERHEAD. CANCER VICTIMS GET THE LEFTOVER CRUMBS.", Phoenix New Times, Jan. 26, 1995.
- ^ http://www.proofform.com/en/component/content/article/204-atheism/16338-american-cancer-society-refuses-500000-from-atheists
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