Amnon Rubinstein

Amnon Rubinstein
Date of birth	5 September 1931 (1931-09-05) (age 78)
Place of birth	Tel Aviv, Mandate Palestine
Knesset(s)	9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th
Party	Meretz
Former parties	Dash, Shinui
Gov't roles (current in bold)	Minister of Communications Minister of Energy & Infrastructure Minister of Science & Technology Minister of Education, Culture & Sport

Amnon Rubinstein (Hebrew: אמנון רובינשטיין‎, born 5 September 1931) is an Israeli law scholar, politician, and columnist. A member of the Knesset between 1977 and 2002, he served in several ministerial positions. He is currently dean of the Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) in Herzliya and a patron of Liberal International.

Early life

Rubinstein was born in Tel Aviv during the Mandate Era. After serving as a captain in the IDF, he studied economics, international relations, and law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and was called to the bar in 1963. He received a PhD in law from the London School of Economics in 1966. Between 1961 and 1975 he worked as a professor of law at Tel Aviv University, serving as faculty dean from 1968 until 1973.

Political career

Rubinstein's political career began when he founded Shinui after the Yom Kippur War. Shinui joined Yigal Yadin's Democratic Movement to form Dash. In the 1977 elections, Dash won 15 seats in the Knesset. Dash's victory came at the expense of the Alignment; for the first time in the 29 years since the founding of the modern state of Israel, the right-wing formed the government. However, Rubinstein opposed Dash's participation in Menachem Begin's Likud government coalition, and Shinui broke away from Dash. Rubinstein retained his seat in the 1981 elections, though Shinui was reduced to two seats. After winning three seats in the 1984 elections Shinui were invited into the governing coalition, and Rubinstein was appointed Minister of Communications. Rubinstein was re-elected again in 1988, but Shinui were left out of the government.

Prior to the 1992 elections Shinui merged with Shulamit Aloni's Ratz and Zionist-socialist Mapam to form Meretz, a dovish, social-democratic liberal party. Meretz joined Yitzhak Rabin's government in 1992, and Rubinstein was chosen as Minister of Energy and Infrastructure. However, early into his term he became Minister of Education instead, replacing Shulamit Aloni who was forced to resign from office under pressure from religious factors, following statements she had made about teaching Evolution versus Creationism.

As an Education Minister, Rubinstein lowered the bar for high school graduates to enter higher education and developed a system whereby high school students would be required to take fewer matriculation exams: the subjects for the exams would be chosen each year by lottery. He also spoke out against the standardized tests which are required of Israeli university applicants (roughly equivalent to the SAT exams), claiming that if he had been required to pass these exams, he would not have been accepted to Law school.

Following Likud's victory in the 1996 elections, Rubinstein and Meretz left the government. He was re-elected for a final time in 1999, and resigned from the Knesset at the end of October 2002.

Rubinstein lived to hear his own obituary read in 2000, when due to a practical joke, Knesset speaker Avraham Burg was led to believe that he had died. Rubinstein, who was hospitalized at the time for a minor complaint, saw his eulogy broadcast on television.

Academics and journalism

After retiring from politics Rubinstein returned to academia. He regularly writes opinion pieces for Israeli newspapers.

Awards

In 2006, Rubinstein won the Israel Prize, for law.^[1][2][3]

Published works

• Israel and the Family of Nations: The Jewish Nation State and Human Rights, 2008
• The Constitutional Law of the State of Israel
• Upholding morality
• From Herzl to Rabin: The Changing Image of Zionism
• Daat Yachid'
• Jurisdiction and Illegality: A Study in Public Law
• The Blanket
• Route no. 5
• The Sea Above Us

References

See also

• List of Israel Prize recipients

External links

• Amnon Rubinstein Knesset website

Prof. Amnon Rubinstein official website - http://amnonrubinstein.org/

v • d • e Communications Ministers of Israel Nurock (1952) · Burg (1952–58) · Barzilai (1958–59) · Mintz (1960–61) · Sasson (1961–67) · Yeshayahu (1967–69) · Rimalt (1969–70) · Peres (1970–74) · Uzan (1974) · Rabin (1974–75) · Uzan (1975–77) · Begin (1977) · Amit (1977–78) · Moda'i (1979–80) · Aridor (1981) · Tzipori (1981–84) · Rubinstein (1984–87) · Yaacobi (1987–90) · Pinhasi (1990–92) · Shahal (1992–93) · Aloni (1993–96) · Livnat (1996–99) · Ben-Eliezer (1999–2001) · Rivlin (2001–03) · Sharon (2003) · Olmert (2003–05) · Itzik (2005) · Hirschson (2006) · Atias (2006–2009) · Kahlon (2009–)

v • d • e Education Ministers of Israel Shazar (1949–50) · Remez (1950–51) · Ben-Gurion (1951) · Dinur (1951–55) · Aran (1955–60) · Eban (1960–63) · Aran (1963–69) · Allon (1969–74) · Yadlin (1974–77) · Hammer (1977–84) · Navon (1984–90) · Hammer (1990–92) · Aloni (1992–93) · Rabin (1993) · Rubinstein (1993–96) · Hammer (1996–98) · Levy (1998–99) · Sarid (1999–2000) · Barak (2000–01) · Livnat (2001–06) · Sheetrit (2006) · Tamir (2006–09) · Sa'ar (2009–)

v • d • e National Infrastructure Ministers of Israel Moda'i (1977-81) · Berman (1981-82) · Moda'i (1982-84) · Shahal (1984-90) · Ne'eman (1990-92) · Rubinstein (1992-93) · Shahal (1993-95) · Segev (1995-96) · Levy (1996) · Sharon (1996-99) · Suissa (1999-2000) · Shochat (2000-01) · Lieberman (2001-02) · Eitam (2002-03) · Paritzky (2003-04) · Sandberg (2004) · Ben-Eliezer (2005) · Bar-On (2006) · Ben-Eliezer (2006-09) · Landau (2009-)

v • d • e Science and Technology Ministers of Israel Ne'eman (1982-84) · Patt (1984-88) · Weizman (1988-90) · Ne'eman (1990-92) · Rubinstein (1992) · Sheetrit (1992-93) · Aloni (1993-96) · Begin (1996-97) · Netanyahu (1996-97) · Eitan (1997-98) · Shalom (1998-99) · Barak (1999) · Vilnai (1999-2001) · Sandberg (2003-04) · Shalgi (2004) · Brailovsky (2004) · Vilnai (2005) · Bar-On (2006) · Pines-Paz (2006) · Majadele (2007-09) · Hershkowitz (2009-)