Amphenicol

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Chloramphenicol

Thiamphenicol

Amphenicols are a class of antibiotics with a phenylpropanoid structure. They function by blocking the enzyme peptidyl transferase on the 50S ribosome subunit of bacteria.^[1]

Examples of amphenicols include chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, azidamfenicol and florfenicol. The first-in-class compound was chloramphenicol, introduced in 1949. Chloramphenicol was initially discovered as a natural product, but all amphenicols are now made by chemical synthesis.

References

^ APVMA: Florfenicol

Antibacterials: protein synthesis inhibitors (J01A, J01B, J01F, J01G, QJ01XQ)

30S

Aminoglycosides
(initiation inhibitors)

-mycin (Streptomyces)	Streptomycin^# Neomycin^# (Framycetin, Paromomycin, Ribostamycin) Kanamycin^# (Amikacin, Arbekacin, Bekanamycin, Dibekacin, Tobramycin) Spectinomycin^# • Hygromycin B Paromomycin

-micin (Micromonospora)	Gentamicin^# (Netilmicin, Sisomicin, Isepamicin) Verdamicin Astromicin

Tetracycline antibiotics
(tRNA binding)

Tetracyclines	Doxycycline^# •Chlortetracycline • Clomocycline • Demeclocycline • Lymecycline • Meclocycline • Metacycline • Minocycline • Oxytetracycline • Penimepicycline • Rolitetracycline • Tetracycline

Glycylcyclines	Tigecycline

50S

Oxazolidinone
(initiation inhibitors)

Linezolid • Torezolid • Eperezolid • Posizolid • Radezolid

Peptidyl transferase

Amphenicols	Chloramphenicol^# • Azidamfenicol • Thiamphenicol • Florfenicol

Pleuromutilins	Retapamulin • Tiamulin • Valnemulin

MLS (transpeptidation/translocation)

Macrolides	Erythromycin^# • Azithromycin^# • Spiramycin • Midecamycin • Oleandomycin • Roxithromycin • Josamycin • Troleandomycin • Clarithromycin • Miocamycin • Rokitamycin • Dirithromycin • Flurithromycin • Ketolide (Telithromycin, Cethromycin, Solithromycin)

Lincosamides	Clindamycin^# • Lincomycin

Streptogramins	Pristinamycin • Quinupristin/dalfopristin • Virginiamycin

EF-G

Steroid antibacterials	Fusidic acid

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

M: BAC

bact (clas)

gr+f/gr+a(t)/gr-p(c)/gr-o

drug(J1p, w, n, m, vacc)

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