André Hercule de Fleury
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia:
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Andr-Hercule de Fleury
(born June 22, 1653, Lodve, Francedied Jan. 29, 1743, Paris) French cardinal and chief minister of Louis XV (172643). A priest, he was made almoner (distributor of alms) for Louis XIV. In 1715 he was appointed tutor for the future Louis XV, who later created Fleury a cardinal and minister of state (1726). Domestically, Fleury restored economic and financial stability to France; in foreign policy, his efforts prevented the hostilities between Spain and Britain in 1727 from becoming a European conflict. Drawn into the War of the Polish Succession (173338) on the side of Stanisaw I, Louis's father-in-law, he was able to limit the conflict's scope.
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Oxford Companion to French Literature:
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André-Hercule Fleury
Fleury, André-Hercule, cardinal de (1653-1743). Having been Louis XV's tutor, he was minister of state from 1726 until his death. An adroit politician, jealous of his own power, he managed France's affairs cautiously and economically.
Columbia Encyclopedia:
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André-Hercule Fleury
Fleury, André Hercule de (äNdrā' ĕrkül' də flörē'), 1653-1743, French statesman, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Tutor of the young Louis XV, he became, at the age of 73, chief adviser to the king and virtual ruler of France (1726-43). Fleury restored order to the national finances, disorganized by the speculative schemes of John Law. The currency was stabilized, roads were built, the merchant marine expanded, and a growth in commerce resulted. By his attempts to suppress the Jansenists (see Jansen, Cornelis) Fleury provoked opposition, particularly from the parlements [courts]. He strove for peace abroad but became involved in the War of the Polish Succession; through it, however, he assured the eventual reversion of Lorraine to France and established a Spanish Bourbon on the throne of Naples.
Bibliography
See A. McC. Wilson, French Foreign Policy during the Administration of Cardinal Fleury (1936, repr. 1972).
American Heritage Dictionary:
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Fleu·ry
, André Hercule de 1653-1743.French prelate and politician who became a cardinal in 1726 and served as prime minister (1726-1743) under Louis XV.
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Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 1994-2012 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more
Oxford Companion to French Literature
The New Oxford Companion to Literature in French. Copyright © 1995, 2005 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
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Columbia Encyclopedia
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/.
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