Andrew Ducarel

Ducarel in 1746, from a portrait by Soldi

Andrew Coltée Ducarel (9 June 1713 – 29 May 1785), was an English antiquary, librarian, and archivist. He was also a lawyer practising civil law (a "civilian"), and a member of the College of Civilians.^[1]

Early life and education

Ducarel was born on 9 June 1713 in Paris. His parents, Jacques Coltée Ducarel (1680-1718) and Jeanne Crommelin (1690-1723), were Huguenots from Normandy.^[2] Jacques was a banker and merchant, who achieved ennoblement in 1713 with the title Marquis de Chateau de Muids.^[3] He died in 1718, just as a new wave of Huguenot persecution was beginning, and in 1719 Jeanne fled with her three infant sons first to Amsterdam, and then, in 1721, to England. They settled in Greenwich, where Jeanne married her second husband, Jacques Girardot, another Huguenot.

In 1728 Andrew was sent to be educated at Eton. The following year he suffered a serious accident there in which he lost one eye: he spent three months under the medical care of Sir Hans Sloane. In 1731 he matriculated at Oxford from Trinity College, but transferred shortly afterwards to St John's. In 1734, while still undergraduates, he and his brother were naturalized.^[2] Ducarel graduated in 1738 as a Bachelor of Civil Law, and then moved to Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He was created Doctor of Civil Law in 1742, and "went out a grand compounder" on 21 October 1748.^{[DNB 1][DNB 2]} He was admitted a member of the College of Advocates at Doctors' Commons 3 November 1743, and afterwards served as librarian there 1754-7, and as treasurer 1757-61.^[2]

Legal and administrative career

Ducarel was appointed "commissary or official" (i.e., an ecclesiastical judge) of the royal peculiar of St Katharine's by the Tower by Archbishop Thomas Herring in 1755; of the city and diocese of Canterbury by Archbishop Thomas Secker in December 1758; and of the sub-deaneries of South Malling, Pagham, and Tarring in Sussex, by Archbishop Frederick Cornwallis, on the death of Dr. Dennis Clarke, in 1776.^[2]

Antiquarian, library and archival career

On 22 September 1737 Ducarel was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, and he was one of the first fellows of the society nominated by the president and council on its incorporation in 1755. He was also elected 29 August 1760 a member of the Society of Antiquaries at Cortona, was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society of London 18 February 1762, became an honorary fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Cassel in November 1778, and of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1781.

In 1755 he failed to obtain the post of sub-librarian at the British Museum; but in 1757 he was appointed keeper of Lambeth Palace Library by Archbishop Hutton. His predecessors in this post (who had included Henry Wharton, Edmund Gibson and David Wilkins) had all been clergymen who treated the post as a part-time responsibility and as a stepping-stone to more lucrative ecclesiastical preferments: Ducarel, by contrast, remained in post for nearly thirty years, under five archbishops (Herring, Hutton, Secker, Cornwallis, and Moore), until his death.^[4]

He greatly improved the catalogues both of the printed books and the manuscripts at Lambeth, and made a digest, with a general index, of all the registers and records of the province of Canterbury.^[5] He was assisted by his friend, Edward Rowe Mores, the Rev. Henry Hall, his predecessor in the office of librarian, and Benjamin Thomas Pouncy the engraver, who was for many years his clerk and deputy librarian. Ducarel's share of the work was impeded by his complete blindness in one eye, and the weakness of the other. Besides the digest preserved among the official archives at Lambeth, he formed for himself another manuscript collection in forty-eight volumes, which were purchased for the British Museum at the sale of Richard Gough's library in 1810.

He also took a more general interest in to the ecclesiastical antiquities of the province of Canterbury, and, with Mores, compiled a history of Croydon Palace and of the town of Croydon: this was completed and presented to Archbishop Herring in manuscript in 1755, and published in 1783. The publication led, however, to a considerable falling-out between the two men, when Mores, who had made significant contributions to the work, discovered that he was not named on the title page.^[2]

In 1763 Ducarel was appointed by the government, with Sir Joseph Ayloffe and Thomas Astle, to sort and catalogue the records of the state paper office at Whitehall, and afterwards those in the augmentation office.

On the death of Archbishop Secker in 1768 applied for the post of secretary to the new archbishop, Frederick Cornwallis, but without success.

Wider antiquarianism

For many years Ducarel used to go in August on an antiquarian tour through different parts of the country, in company with his friend Samuel Gale, and attended by a coachman and footman. They travelled about fifteen miles a day, and put up at inns. After dinner, while Gale smoked his pipe, Ducarel transcribed his topographical and archaeological notes, which after his death were purchased by Richard Gough. In George Vertue's plate of London Bridge Chapel the figure measuring is Ducarel, and that standing is Gale.

He also travelled in Normandy, and, through his publications Tour through Normandy in a letter to a Friend (1754) and Anglo-Norman Antiquities Considered (1767) effectively put it on the map for the late 18th-century English traveller.^[6] He was one of the first Englishmen to see and appreciate the significance of the Bayeux Tapestry.

Character sketches

Francis Grose described Ducarel in scathing terms:

The Doctor was a very weak man, and ignorant, though he was ambitious of being thought learned. Among the many publications which bear his name, none were really written by him; most of them were done by Sir Joseph Ayloffe, and the Rev. Mr. Morant, author of the History of Essex; to whom the Doctor applied on every emergency. He was so very illiterate, that on receiving a Latin letter from a foreign university, he took his chariot, and went down to Colchester, where Mr. Morant then lived, and got him to write an answer.^[7]

Grose also wrote:

The Doctor was a large black man,^[8] with only one eye, and that of a focus not exceeding half an inch; so that whatever he wished to see distinctly he was obliged to put close to his nose. ... [He] always was a great lover of the ladies as well as his glass; the latter grew on him so much, that he was constantly drunk every day, a little before his death: his liquor was generally port, or as he called it, "kill priest."^[9]

With his antiquarian friends Ducarel associated on the most liberal terms, and "his entertainments were in the true style of old English hospitality." He was in the habit of declaring that, as an old Oxonian, he never knew a man till he had drunk a bottle of wine with him.

Death and legacy

Ducarel was an athletic man, who believed that he would live to a great age. The immediate cause of his final illness was the shock of receiving a letter at Canterbury informing him that his wife was at the point of death. He hurried home to South Lambeth, took to his bed, and died three days later, on 29 May 1785. He was buried on the north side of the altar in the church of St Katharine's by the Tower. In the event, Mrs Ducarel survived him more than six years, dying on 6 October 1791.^{[DNB 3]}

His coins, pictures, and antiquities were sold by auction, 30 November 1785, and his books, manuscripts, and prints in April 1786. The greater part of the manuscripts passed into the hands of Richard Gough and John Nichols.

Personal life

In 1749 Ducarel married Sarah Desborough (1696–1791): she was a widow seventeen years his senior, and had previously been his housekeeper.^[2] He is said to have married her out of gratitude, after being nursed by her through a severe illness: in Grose's view, these circumstances "tended greatly to his future establishment, Mrs. Ducarrel being a sober, careful woman".^[10] There were no children of the marriage.

Works

• A Tour through Normandy, described in a letter to a friend (anon.) (London, 1754). This tour was undertaken, in company with Dr. Bever, in 1752; Ducarel's account of it, considerably enlarged, was republished, with his name, as Anglo-Norman Antiquities considered, in a Tour through part of Normandy, illustrated with 27 copperplates (London, 1767).
• De Registris Lambethanis Dissertatiuncula (London, 1766).
• A Series of above 200 Anglo-Gallic, or Norman and Aquitain Coins of the antient Kings of England (London, 1757).
• Some Account of Browne Willis, Esq., LL.D. (London, 1760).
• A Repertory of the Endowments of Vicarages in the Diocese of Canterbury (London, 1763; 2nd edn, 1782).
• A Letter to William Watson, M.D., upon the early Cultivation of Botany in England; and some particulars about John Tradescant^{[disambiguation needed ]}, gardener to Charles I (London, 1773); appeared originally in Philosophical Transactions, vol. 63, p. 79.
• Account of Dr. Stukeley, prefixed to vol. 2 of his Itinerary (1776).
• A List of various Editions of the Bible and parts thereof in English, from the year 1526 to 1776, from a MS. (No. 1140) in the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth, much enlarged and improved, London, 1776.^{[DNB 4][DNB 5]}
• Some Account of the Alien Priories, and of such lands as they are known to have possessed in England and Wales, collected by John Warburton, Somerset herald, and Ducarel, 2 vols. (London, 1779; 2nd edn 1786).
• History of the Royal Hospital and Collegiate Church of St. Katharine, near the Tower of London (1782).
• Some Account of the Town, Church, and Archiepiscopal Palace of Croydon (1783).
• History and Antiquities of the Archiepiscopal Palace of Lambeth, (1785); in 'Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica,' vol. 2.

References

References from DNB

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Ducarel, Andrew Coltee". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. 

• Memoir by John Nichols in Biog. Brit. (Kippis), reprinted with additions in the Literary Anecdotes, vol. 6, p. 380.
• William Thomas Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual (Bohn), p. 680
• Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. vol. 11, p. 149; 4th ser. vol. 1, p. 49; vol. 12, pp. 307, 356; 7th ser. vol. 2, p. 36.
• Walpoliana, vol. 1, p. 73
• John Cave-Browne, Lambeth Palace and its associations (1883), preface, pp. ix, xi, 66-8, 105, 106

Bibliography

• Grose, Francis (1792). The Olio. London. pp. 139-42. 
• Jones-Baker, Doris Whipple (1995). "A Huguenot scholar, antiquary, and Lambeth Palace Librarian, Andrew Coltée Ducarel, 1713-85". Proceedings of the Huguenot Society 26: 330-41. 
• Myers, Robin (1996). "Dr Andrew Coltée Ducarel (1713-1785), pioneer of Anglo-Norman studies". In Myers, Robin; Harris, Michael. Antiquaries, Book Collectors and the Circles of Learning. Winchester: St Paul's Bibliographies. pp. 45-70. ISBN 1-873040-29-6. 
• Myers, Robin (1999). "Dr Andrew Coltée Ducarel, Lambeth Librarian, Civilian, and Keeper of the Public Records". The Library. 6th ser. 21: 199-222. 
• Myers, Robin (2008) [2004]. "Ducarel, Andrew Coltée (1713-1785)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8126.  (Subscription required)
• Slatter, M.D. (1957). "A.C. Ducarel and the Lambeth MSS". Archives 3: 97-104. 

External links

• Works by or about Andrew Ducarel in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• entry for Andrew Ducarel at the Royal society