| His Excellency The Right Honourable Anerood Jugnauth सर अनिरुद्ध जगन्नाथ KCMG QC GCSK PC GOLH GOP ORS |
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| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 7 October 2003 |
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| Prime Minister | Paul Bérenger Navin Ramgoolam |
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| Vice President | Raouf Bundhun Angidi Chettiar |
| Preceded by | Karl Offmann |
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| In office 17 September 2000 – 30 September 2003 |
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| President | Cassam Uteem Angidi Chettiar Ariranga Pillay Karl Offmann |
| Preceded by | Navinchandra Ramgoolam |
| Succeeded by | Paul Bérenger |
| In office 16 June 1982 – 22 December 1995 |
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| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| President | Veerasamy Ringadoo Cassam Uteem |
| Governor General | Dayendranath Burrenchobay Seewoosagur Ramgoolam Veerasamy Ringadoo |
| Preceded by | Seewoosagur Ramgoolam |
| Succeeded by | Navinchandra Ramgoolam |
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| In office 20 December 1976 – 11 June 1982 |
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| Prime Minister | Seewoosagur Ramgoolam |
| Preceded by | Gaetan Duval |
| Succeeded by | Paul Berenger |
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| In office 7 August 1966 – 7 August 1967 |
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| Prime Minister | Seewoosagur Ramgoolam |
| Preceded by | Position established |
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| In office 21 October 1963 – 7 August 1966 |
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| Chief Minister | Seewoosagur Ramgoolam |
| Preceded by | Position established |
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| In office 21 October 1963 – 7 August 1967 |
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| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Hurry Ramnarain |
| In office 20 December 1976 – 20 December 1995 |
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| Preceded by | Hurry Ramnarain |
| In office 11 September 2000 – 07 September 2003 |
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| Preceded by | Deva Virahsawmy |
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| Born | 29 March 1930 Vacoas-Phoenix, Mauritius (formerly British Mauritius) |
| Political party | Militant Socialist Movement |
| Spouse(s) | Sarojini Ballah |
| Children | Pravind Jugnauth Shalini Malhotra |
| Alma mater | Lincoln's inn of courts |
| Profession | Barrister |
| Religion | Hindu |
| Website | Official site |
Anerood Jugnauth (अनिरुद्ध जगन्नाथ), KCMG, QC, GCSK, PC, LLB, GOLH, GOP, ORS (born 29 March 1930) is the President of Mauritius[1].[2]
He served as prime minister from 1982 to 1995 in four consecutive terms and then was voted out of office from 1995 to 2000. He was the prime minister who held the office for the longest run, one of 16 years, overtaking Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, who held the office for 14 years. As leader of the Militant Socialist Movement, he became prime minister again, after the 2000 elections, for his fifth term. His alliance partner, Paul Bérenger of the Mauritian Militant Movement, succeeded him in 2003 after serving as Jugnauth's deputy for three years. Jugnauth was then elected president in 2003. He was a Member of Parliament for 35 years, from 1963 to 1995 and from 2000 to 2003.
He was called to the Bar by Lincoln's Inn. He was a cabinet minister during the leadership of Seewoosagur Ramgoolam from 1965 up to 1969. In 1970, he moved out and went to the newly created political party of the Mauritian Militant Movement, where he eventually became its leader in 1982. He created his own political party called Militant Socialist Movement in 1983 and was once more elected. His party remained in power up to 1995. In 2000, he was once more elected prime minister and served until 2003, when he was sworn into the presidency.
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Early career and education
He had his primary education at Palma Primary School and had his secondary education at Regent College. He taught for some time at New Eton College and later worked as a clerk in the Poor Law Department for some time before being transferred to the Judicial Department. In 1951, he left Mauritius for the UK to study law. In 1964, he was elected Chairman of the Palma Village Council. He was first elected to parliament as an Independent Forward Block candidate in the constituency of Rivière du Rempart in 1963.
He joined the All Mauritius Hindu Congress in 1965. State Minister for Development in the government of Seewoosagur Ramgoolam from 1965 to 1966, he was promoted Minister of Labour in November 1966. He took part in the London Constitutional Conference on Mauritius. He resigned from his office in April 1967.
Anerood Jugnauth served as a magistrate shortly after his resignation. In 1969, he was promoted to the Crown Law Office. In 1971, he was made Senior Crown Counsel.
In the beginning of the 1970s, Anerood Jugnauth joined the Mouvement Militant Mauricien. He became the president and subsequently the leader of the party. Re-elected at the general election held in 1976 in the constituency of Piton/Rivière du Rempart, he served as Leader of the Opposition from December 1976 to June 1982.
Jugnauth trained and worked in law and took an active role in the 1960s negotiations for independence. Hewas called to the Bar in London in 1954. His political career began with his being elected in the Constituency of Rivière du Rempart in 1963. He was the President of the Palma Village council in 1964.
In 1965, he joined the All Mauritius Hindu Congress. He also attended the London Constitutional Conference on Mauritius in 1965, and was State Minister of Development under Seewoosagur Ramgoolam from 1965 to 1966 and the Minister of Labour from 1966 to 1967. He became Leader of Opposition from December 1976 to June 1982, and he joined the Mauritian Militant Movement in 1980.
Titles
He is a Queen's Counsel and a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George.
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Party politics
He founded the Militant Socialist Movement party in 1983[3]. He was elected as prime minister in 1982 for the first time, again in 1983, and for the third time from 1991 to 1995. He was honoured with Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Awards for his continued support for India’s causes and concerns and for strengthening India’s relationship with Mauritius. He has expressed his country's readiness to establish strong economic ties, particularly in creating technology-based projects with high economic feasibility. Jugnauth is credited with the legacy of Mauritius' "economic miracle" of the 1980s, a set of liberal policies, such as the creation of a duty-free trade zone and establishing Mauritius as a leader in textiles production, that allowed the island to develop into an economic powerhouse in the region.
The Founder of the MSM
Jugnauth founded the Militant Socialist Movement on 8 April 1983 after the MMM/PSM alliance broke.
Re-elected at the general elections held on 23 August 1983, Anerood Jugnauth once more served as prime minister. At the general elections held on 15 September 1991, he was once more elected and continued to serve as prime minister. After he lost the general elections held on 20 December 1995, he resigned as prime minister. From December 1995 to September 2000, he reorganised the structures of the MSM.[citation needed]
Anerood Jugnauth stood as candidate at the by-election held in constituency No. 9 (Flacq/Bon Acceuil) in April 1998 but was defeated. He immediately initiated the idea of an MSM/MMM federation which eventually took shape in January 1999. However, the Federation was dissolved after the defeat of its candidate at the by-election held on 19 September 1999.[citation needed]
Anerood Jugnauth founded the MSM/MMM Alliance together with Paul Bérenger, leader of the MMM, on 14 August 2000, based on equal sharing of power. At the general elections held on 11 September 2000, he was elected as first member of constituency No 7 (Piton/Rivière du Rempart) and was appointed as Prime Minister.[4]
Prime minister
| Presidental styles of Anerood Jugnauth |
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| Reference style | His Excellency ,The Right Honorable Sir Anerood Jugnauth, President of the Republic of Mauritius |
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| Spoken style | President Jugnauth |
| Alternative style | Mr. President |
He swept to power in 1982 in a dramatic election in which his MMM-PSM alliance won all seats in the Legislative Assembly. When he took the office, the country was wrecked by chronic unemployment, rapidly rising inflation and the infinite expectations of a volatile and highly politicised electorate. All this was set against the background of the island's potentially explosive melting pot of different races, cultures and religions drawn from three continents. Within months of his election victory, he saw his massive and unassailable majority collapsing before his eyes as his political party tore itself apart through bitter in-fighting over personality and policy. He presided over the country's rapid industrialisation.
The Medpoint Deal(MSM/MMM)
Elections of 2000
The Coalition of MSM/MMM In early 1999 when the Labor Party and MMM decided to end up their team, MMM became the opposition party and MLP formed the government.Sir Anerood Jugnauth then initiated the idea of the "Medpoint Deal"The MSM led by Anerood Jugnauth and MMM led by Paul Bérenger agreed that if they won the election Anerood Jugnauth would become Prime Minister. They agreed that after 3 years he would step down as Prime Minister to become the President of Mauritius with enhanced powers and Bérenger would become Prime Minister, the first non-Hindu to do so.The deal was never done before in the entire history of Mauritian politics.Therefore ,they formed up the MSM/MMM in 2000.
The idea was both agreed by the MSM members and MMM members.It was agreed that Paul Berenger would remain Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance for 3 years up to 2003 and after that would take up the leadership of both parties becoming prime minister for the rest of the term thus up to 2005.He was prime minister for 1 year and 9 months
Anerood Jugnauth agreed to step down and become President as from 2003. Former president Karl Offmann was also of the game. He was put to the office of the president with the condition that he would remain president only for 19 months[5].Sir Anerood Jugnauth became president under the transition with the so-called sudden resignation of President Offmann.
Anerood Jugnauth resigned as prime minister on the 30th of September 2003 at 13:30 pm and also as member of parliament at 15:00 pm, giving his resignation letter to Speaker of the House on the same day. He announced his departure in a 20-minute speech given to the members of parliament stating that he was leaving the office so as to make room for new prime ministers. At the VIP gallery, emotions were contagious. Lady Jugnauth could hardly hold back her tears, and neither could Arline Berenger, who was seated next to her. The thick air of emotions in the National Assembly was interrupted by applause from Sir Anerood Jugnauth's peers, who were a quarter of the audience.
Everything said and done about me, I am proud to go down in history as a no-nonsense, honest and dedicated prime minister having done my duty in good faith and without fear or favour. I have understood our political adversaries and, taken at its most, all divergent views and attitudes have been mere manifestations to our democracy at its best , said Sir Anerood Jugnauth in the speech before his departure".[6]
He was sworn to presidency on 7 October 2003 following the resignation of former President Karl Offmann
Family life
Jugnauth married Sarojini Ballah on 18 December 1957, and he is the father of two children: Pravind and Shalini). He has five grandchildren.
President
Sir Anerood Jugnauth along with Lady Sarojini Jugnauth took over the keys of the Chateau of Reduit on the 7th October 2003. His election to presidency was largely approved by the entire population as it was considered to be the new era of Mauritian Politics, allowing Paul Berenger to become prime minister who was the first person of non-Hindu religion to become head of government.[7]
In 2003, he handed the leadership of his party to his son Pravind Jugnauth. He announced that he had "reached the end of this road." During his first Mandate, due to constitution, he had to announce general elections, which eventually took place in July 2005. The new prime minister elected Navin Ramgoolam, called him "a sitting duck" who is still yearning for power. He remained president until the end of his 5-year term, ending in 2008.[8]
Second Mandate
Due to the end of the mandate of Sir Jugnauth, three persons, Vice President (Angidi Chettiar), Father Gregoire and himself were the three persons nominated to Presidency. He was voted both by governing members of parliament as well as opposition Mps.Jugnauth was elected to the ceremonial post of President in 2003. After five years in office, he was re-elected by the National Assembly in a unanimous vote on 19 September 2008, supported by both the government and the opposition.[9].
His first initiative after winning presidential elections was to re-organize the structure of the government. He sent orders to the prime minister to make changes in the government, and in 2008, many ministers were changed of ministries, such as Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Rashid Beebeejaun, was changed from Minister of Public Utilities to Minister of Energy.
Titles
- Queen's Counsel (1980)
- Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council (1983)[10]
- Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (1988)[10]
- Grand Prix of the Order of La Pléiade (1984)[10]
- Honorary Doctorate from Aix-Marseille University (March 1985)
- Doctor of Civil Law (Honoris Causa) from the University of Mauritius (May 1985)
- Order of the Rising Sun (January 1988)[10]
- Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour (March 1990)[10]
- Grand Commander of the Order of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean (2003)
- Honorary Doctorate from Middlesex University (July 2009)[11]
Styles
Jugnauth will bear the title Right Honorable for life and the title Excellency while he is president. He is also entitled to use MP post-nominal and prefix, as he was an MP for more than 35 years.
- Anerood Jugnauth(1930-1963)
- The Hon.Anerood Jugnauth,MP (1963-1980)
- The Hon.Anerood Jugnauth,MP,QC (1980-1983)
- The Rt Hon.Anerood Jugnauth,MP,QC,PC(1983-1988)
- The Rt Hon.Sir Anerood Jugnauth MP,QC,PC,KCMG.(1988-2003)
- H.E.The Rt Hon.Sir Anerood Jugnauth,MP,QC,PC,KCMG,GCSK(2003-present)
References
- ^ Westmount Examiner
- ^ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-m/mauritius.html
- ^ http://www.msmparty.org/about-us/founder.aspx
- ^ http://www.mauritius-embassy.de/president.php
- ^ http://www.ile-maurice.com/forum/actualites-de-lile-maurice/5096-benaam-r-j-s-cowardly-attacks-against-cassam-uteem.html
- ^ http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-24558594_ITM
- ^ BBC news
- ^ Biodata
- ^ "Jugnauth re-elected Mauritius president", AFP, 20 September 2008.
- ^ a b c d e Mauritius Consulate to Malta: President
- ^ Middlesex University (2009-07-13). "President of Mauritius is honoured to receive Doctorate from Middlesex University". Press release. http://www.mdx.ac.uk/aboutus/pressoffice/pressreleases/2009/July2009/Honorary%20Doctorate%20for%20President%20of%20Mauritius%20at%20MIddlesex%20U.pdf. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
| Political offices | ||
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| Preceded by Seewoosagur Ramgoolam |
Prime Minister of Mauritius 1982 – 1995 |
Succeeded by Navin Ramgoolam |
| Preceded by Navin Ramgoolam |
Prime Minister of Mauritius 2000 – 2003 |
Succeeded by Paul Berenger |
| Preceded by Karl Offmann |
President of Mauritius 2003 – present |
Succeeded by Incumbent |
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