Aniracetam

Aniracetam

Systematic (IUPAC) name
1-[(4-methoxybenzoyl)]- 2-pyrrolidinone
Clinical data
Trade names	Ampamet, Memodrin, Pergamid
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status	Unscheduled
Routes	Oral
Pharmacokinetic data
Half-life	1-2.5 hours
Identifiers
CAS number	72432-10-1 N
ATC code	N06BX11
PubChem	CID 2196
DrugBank	DB04599
ChemSpider	2111 Y
UNII	5L16LKN964 Y
KEGG	D01883 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:47943 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL36994 Y
Chemical data
Formula	C12H13NO3
Mol. mass	219.237 g/mol
SMILES	eMolecules & PubChem
InChI InChI=1S/C12H13NO3/c1-16-10-6-4-9(5-7-10)12(15)13-8-2-3-11(13)14/h4-7H,2-3,8H2,1H3 Y Key:ZXNRTKGTQJPIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
N (what is this?)  (verify)

Aniracetam (Draganon, Sarpul, Ampamet, Memodrin) is an ampakine and nootropic of the racetam chemical class purported to be considerably more potent than piracetam. It is lipid-soluble and has possible cognition-enhancing effects. It has been tested in animals extensively, Alzheimer's patients, and temporarily-impaired healthy subjects. It has shown potential as an anxiolytic in three clinical animal models. It is sold in Europe as a prescription drug, but can be purchased in most countries without a prescription.

Pharmacology

After a confirmed test of the anxiolytic efficacy in a mouse model, haloperidol, mecamylamine, and ketanserin were applied to determine the pathways aniracetam depends on to exert its anti-anxiety effects. Haloperidol completely reversed the anxiolytic effects, and mecamylamine and ketanserin nearly completely reversed the effects. This shows that aniracetam's anxiolytic mechanism is facilitated by D₂/D₃, nACh, and 5-HT_2A receptors.^[1]

Aniracetam has also been shown to selectively modulate the AMPA receptor^[2] and was used as the parent compound to derive a class of drugs known as the ampakines that are being investigated as nootropics and neuroprotective drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions.1

Despite the fat solubility of aniracetam, its half-life is much shorter than that of common racetam analogs such as piracetam.^{[citation needed]}

Commonly used doses are 750-3,000 mg daily usually taken in 2-3 doses.

Side Effects

Common side effects consist of: unrest, anxiety, uneasiness, insomnia. Less common adverse effects include: headaches, somnolence, vertigo, mild epigastric pain, nausea, diarrhea, rash. These effects are generally temporary, and in the studies where they were reported as adverse events, did not require termination of treatment. ^[3]

Synthesis

The drug was first made in the 1970s by Hoffmann-La Roche.^[4][5] Synthesis can be caused by 2-Pyrrolidone reacting with Anisoyl chloride in the presence of Triethylamine.^[6]

Alternatively, gamma-Aminobutyric acid can react with anisoyl chloride. Ring closure can be accomplished with the presence of Thionyl chloride.^[6]

See also

• Ampakine
• Racetam
• Nootropic

References

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2010)

External links

• The Cognitive Enhancement Research Institute

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