Anna Kuliscioff

Anna Kuliscioff (or Anna Kulischov, Kulisciov; born Anija Rosenstein; cca. 1857, Moskaya, Crimea—December 27, 1925, Milan) was a Jewish Russian revolutionary, a prominent feminist, an anarchist influenced by Mikhail Bakunin, and a Marxist socialist militant; she was mainly active in Italy.

Persecuted by the Imperial Russian authorities, Kulischov took refuge in Paris, where she met the Italian anarchist Andrea Costa, her first husband. After being expelled from France in 1878, she settled in Italy and became the editor of Critica Sociale, a major socialist paper, in 1891. An activist for causes such as women's suffrage, Anna Kulischov was tried and imprisoned on several occasions.

Her views on Marxism were an influence on Filippo Turati, who became her second husband. Together, they contributed to the creation of the Italian Socialist Party as leaders of a reformist wing that came to oppose both Communism (causing the split of the new Italian Communist Party in 1921) and the irredentist attitudes of Benito Mussolini (who subsequently left the PSI). Their group was itself expelled from the PSI later in 1921, leading to the creation of a United Socialist Party (PSU) - led by Turati, Kulischov, and Giacomo Matteotti in opposition to the emerging Fascism.

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