Anthocyanidin

Flavylium cation (Formula: C₁₅H₁₁O⁺, molar mass: 207.24 g/mol, exact mass : 207.08098995) with a Benzopyrylium (chromenylium) component

Molecule in 3D of the anthocyanidin cyanidin

Not to be confused with anthocyanins, their sugar containing counterparts.

Anthocyanidins are common plant pigments. They are the sugar-free counterparts of anthocyanins based on the flavylium ion or 2-phenylchromenylium (chromenylium is referred also to as benzopyrylium)^[1]. They form a large group of polymethine dye. In particular anthocyanidins are salt derivatives of the 2-phenylchromenylium cation, also known as flavylium cation. As shown in the figure below, the phenyl group at the 2-position can carry different substituents. The counterion of the flavylium cation is mostly chloride. With this positive charge, the anthocyanidins differ from other flavonoids.

3-Deoxyanthocyanidins are a class of anthocyanidins lacking an hydroxyl group on carbon 3.

Selected anthocyanidins and their substitutions

Anthocyanidin	Basic structure	R3'	R4'	R5'	R3	R5	R6	R7
Aurantinidin		−H	−OH	−H	−OH	−OH	−OH	−OH
Cyanidin		−OH	−OH	−H	−OH	−OH	−H	−OH
Delphinidin		−OH	−OH	−OH	−OH	−OH	−H	−OH
Europinidin		−OCH3	−OH	−OH	−OH	−OCH3	−H	−OH
Luteolinidin		−OH	−OH	−H	−H	−OH	−H	−OH
Pelargonidin		−H	−OH	−H	−OH	−OH	−H	−OH
Malvidin		−OCH3	−OH	−OCH3	−OH	−OH	−H	−OH
Peonidin		−OCH3	−OH	−H	−OH	−OH	−H	−OH
Petunidin		−OH	−OH	−OCH3	−OH	−OH	−H	−OH
Rosinidin		−OCH3	−OH	−H	−OH	−OH	−H	−OCH3

References

External links

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