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Antigonus II Mattathias (Antigonus the Hasmonean) was the son of King Aristobulus II of Judea. In 40 BC he led, along with Barzapharnes, a Parthian-supported invasion of Judea, seized Jerusalem, and sent his uncle Hyrcanus II to Babylon in chains (after biting or cutting off his ears to render him ineligible for the office of High Priest).
In 37 BC, Herod the Great took back Judea with Roman support. Herod turned Antigonus over to Mark Antony, who had him beheaded [1], ending the rule of the Hasmonean dynasty. Antigonus II Mattathias was the last legitimate King of Judaea of the Hasmonean dynasty, which had recovered Jewish independence from the Hellenistic Seleucid monarchy of Syria.
Antigonus was handed over by Herod to the Romans for execution in 37 BC, after a short reign of three years during which he had led a fierce struggle of the people for independence against the Romans and Romanizers such as Herod.
Antigonus II Mattathias was the only anointed King of the Jews (messiah) historically recorded to have been scourged and crucified by the Romans. Cassius Dio's Roman History records: "These people [the Jews] Antony entrusted to a certain Herod to govern; but Antigonus he bound to a cross and scourged, a punishment no other king had suffered at the hands of the Romans, and so slew him."[2]. In his Life of Antony, Plutarch claims that Antony had Antigonus beheaded, "the first example of that punishment being inflicted on a king".[3]
External links
- Antigonus entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
- Antigonus Matthathias entry in online Jewish Encyclopedia
References
- ^ Antiquities 15.1.2.9
- ^ Cassius Dio Cocceianus, Roman History, book xlix, c.22
- ^ Plutarch, Life of Antony
Cassius Dio Cocceianus, Roman History, book xlix, c.22
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Antigonus II Mattathias
Died: 37 BC |
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| Preceded by Hyrcanus II |
King of Judaea 40 BC – 37 BC |
Succeeded by Herod I |
| High Priest of Jerusalem 40 BC – 37 BC |
Succeeded by Ananelus |
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