Antiprotozoal agent

Wikipedia on Answers.com:

Antiprotozoal agent

Top

Home > Library > Miscellaneous > Wikipedia

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009)

Antiprotozoal agents (ATC code: ATC P01) is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoan infection.

Protozoans have little in common with each other (for example, Entamoeba histolytica is less closely related to Naegleria fowleri than it is to Homo sapiens) and so agents effective against one pathogen may not be effective against another. However, metronidazole is selective for anaerobic organisms, and so it is effective against many (though not all) of these pathogens.

They can be grouped by mechanism^[1] or by organism.^[2]

Examples

References

^ Cynthia R. L. Webster (15 June 2001). Clinical pharmacology. Teton NewMedia. pp. 86–. ISBN 978-1-893441-37-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=NmR00leAkt8C&pg=PA86. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
^ Anthony J. Trevor; Bertram G. Katzung; Susan B. Masters (11 December 2007). Katzung & Trevor's pharmacology: examination & board review. McGraw-Hill Professional. pp. 435–. ISBN 978-0-07-148869-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=Bvtkl3XUC5AC&pg=PA435. Retrieved 2 May 2010.

v t e Pharmacology: major drug groups

Gastrointestinal tract/metabolism (A)	stomach acid (Antacids, H₂ antagonists, Proton pump inhibitors) Antiemetics Laxatives Antidiarrhoeals/Antipropulsives Anti-obesity drugs Anti-diabetics Vitamins Dietary minerals

Blood and blood forming organs (B)	Antithrombotics (Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants, Thrombolytics/fibrinolytics) Antihemorrhagics (Platelets, Coagulants, Antifibrinolytics)

Cardiovascular system (C)	cardiac therapy/antianginals (Cardiac glycosides, Antiarrhythmics, Cardiac stimulants) Antihypertensives Diuretics Vasodilators Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers renin-angiotensin system (ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, Renin inhibitors) Antihyperlipidemics (Statins, Fibrates, Bile acid sequestrants)

Skin (D)	Emollients Cicatrizants Antipruritics Antipsoriatics Medicated dressings

Genitourinary system (G)	Hormonal contraception Fertility agents SERMs Sex hormones

Endocrine system (H)	Hypothalamic-pituitary hormones Corticosteroids (Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids) Sex hormones Thyroid hormones/Antithyroid agents

Infections and infestations (J, P, QI)	Antimicrobials: Antibacterials (Antimycobacterials) Antifungals Antivirals Antiparasitics (Antiprotozoals, Anthelmintics, Ectoparasiticides) IVIG Vaccines

Malignant disease (L01-L02)	Anticancer agents (Antimetabolites, Alkylating, Spindle poisons, Antineoplastic, Topoisomerase inhibitors)

Immune disease (L03-L04)	Immunomodulators (Immunostimulants, Immunosuppressants)

Muscles, bones, and joints (M)	Anabolic steroids Anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) Antirheumatics Corticosteroids Muscle relaxants Bisphosphonates

Brain and nervous system (N)	Analgesics Anesthetics (General, Local) Anorectics Anti-ADHD Agents Antiaddictives Anticonvulsants Antidementia Agents Antidepressants Antimigraine Agents Antiparkinson's Agents Antipsychotics Anxiolytics Depressants Entactogens Entheogens Euphoriants Hallucinogens (Psychedelics, Dissociatives, Deliriants) Hypnotics/Sedatives Mood Stabilizers Neuroprotectives Nootropics Neurotoxins Orexigenics Serenics Stimulants Wakefulness-Promoting Agents

Respiratory system (R)	Decongestants Bronchodilators Cough medicines H₁ antagonists

Sensory organs (S)	Ophthalmologicals Otologicals

Other ATC (V)	Antidotes Contrast media Radiopharmaceuticals Dressings

Antiparasitics – antiprotozoal agents – Chromalveolate antiparasitics (P01)

Alveo-
late

Apicom-
plexa

Conoidasida/
(Coccidiostats)

Cryptosporidiosis	thiazole (nitazoxanide)

Isosporiasis	trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole^#

Toxoplasmosis	pyrimethamine • sulfadiazine

Aconoidasida

Malaria

Individual
agents

Hemozoin
inhibitors

aminoquinolines	(4-): amodiaquine^# • chloroquine^# (8-): primaquine^# • pamaquine

4-methanolquinolines	mefloquine^#• quinine^# • quinidine

Other	lumefantrine (combined with artemether) halofantrine

Antifolates

DHFR inhibitors (antifols)	pyrimethamine proguanil^# • chlorproguanil (biguanides)

Sulfonamides	sulfadoxine • sulfamethoxypyrazine

Coformulation	Fansidar^# (sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, known as SP)

Sesquiterpene
lactones

artemether^# • artesunate^#• dihydroartemisinin •
arteether/artemotil • artemisinin

Other

atovaquone (with proguanil as as Malarone)
tetracycline • doxycycline^#
clindamycin
pyronaridine
piperaquine

Combi-
nations

Fixed-dose (coformulated) ACTs	artemether-lumefantrine^# artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) artesunate-mefloquine (ASMQ) dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine artesunate-pyronaridine

Other combinations (not co-formulated)	artesunate/SP • artesunate/mefloquine • quinine/tetracycline • quinine/doxycycline • quinine/clindamycin

Babesiosis

clindamycin

Cilio-
phora

Balantidiasis: Tetracycline

Hetero-
kont

Blastocystosis: Metronidazole

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

M: PRO

ambz, excv, chrm (strc)

ambz, excv, chrm

Antiparasitics – antiprotozoal agents – Excavata antiparasitics (P01)

Discicristata

Trypanosomiasis	African trypanosomiasis: ornithine (Eflornithine^#) arsenical (Melarsoprol^#) benzamidine (Pentamidine^#) naphthalenesulfonate (Suramin^#) Chagas disease: nitroimidazole (Benznidazole^#) nitrofuran (Nifurtimox^#)

Leishmaniasis	macrolide (Amphotericin B^#) Pentavalent antimonials (Meglumine antimoniate^#, Sodium stibogluconate) benzamidine (Pentamidine^#) phosphorylcholine (Miltefosine) neomycin (Paromomycin)

PAM	macrolide (Amphotericin B)

Trichozoa

Giardiasis	nitroimidazole (Metronidazole^#, Tinidazole) benzimidazole (Albendazole) thiazole (Nitazoxanide) nitrofuran (Furazolidone) aminoacridine (Quinacrine)

Trichomoniasis	nitroimidazole (Carnidazole, Metronidazole^#, Tinidazole)

Dientamoebiasis	nitroimidazole (Metronidazole Secnidazole) oxyquinoline (Iodoquinol) tetracycline (Doxycycline) neomycin (Paromomycin)

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

M: PRO

ambz, excv, chrm (strc)

ambz, excv, chrm

Antiparasitics – antiprotozoal agents – agents against amoebozoa/amebicide (P01)

Entamoeba

Tissue amebicides

Nitroimidazole derivatives	Metronidazole^# Tinidazole Ornidazole Nimorazole Secnidazole Azanidazole Propenidazole

Other	isoquinoline (Emetine/Dehydroemetine)

Luminal amebicides

Hydroxyquinoline derivatives	Cl (Chlorquinaldol) Br (Tilbroquinol Broxyquinoline) I (Diiodohydroxyquinoline) I,Cl (Clioquinol) related: Chiniofon

Dichloroacetamide derivatives	Diloxanide^# Clefamide Etofamide Teclozan

Aminoglycoside	Paromomycin

Other/ungrouped

Acanthamoeba

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

M: PRO

ambz, excv, chrm (strc)

ambz, excv, chrm

This antiinfective drug article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Donate to Wikimedia

Antiprotozoal agent

Top

Home > Library > History, Politics & Society > FiveMinPersistent

Click to Play

Diseno web con Flash - Mascara

Click to Play

How to Create a Web Operating System Today

Click to Play

Using FTP to Get Your Web Site Online

Click to Play

Web Hosting 101: What Shared Web Hosting is

View more Health videos

Help us answer these

Wetting agent suspending agent?

Are all agents fiduciary agents?

What is agent's statement by an insurance agent?

What agent is a slow effect agent?

Post a question - any question - to the WikiAnswers community:

Copyrights:

Cite

Wikipedia on Answers.com This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Antiprotozoal agent. Read