Apiales

An order of flowering plants, division Magnoliophyta (Angiospermae), in the subclass Rosidae of the class Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons). The order (also known as Umbellales) consists of two families, the Araliacea, with about 700 species, and the Umbelliferae, with about 3000. They are herbs or woody plants with mostly compound or conspicuously lobed or dissected leaves, well-developed secretory canals, and separate petals.

The Umbelliferae are mostly aromatic herbs, most numerous in temperate regions. The flowers consistently have an ovary of two carpels, ripening to form a dry fruit that splits into two halves, each containing a single seed. Some common garden vegetables and spice plants, including carrot (Daucus carota), parsnip (Pastinaca sativa), celery (Apium graveolens), parsley (Petroselinum crispum), caraway (Carbum carvi), and dill (Anethum graveolens), belong to the Umbelliferae, as do also such notorious poisonous plants as the poison hemlock (Conium) and water hemlock (Cicuta). See also Anise; Carrot; Celery; Fennel; Magnoliopsida; Parsley; Parsnip; Rosidae.

Apiales
Inflorescence of a wild carrot, Daucus carota, in the Apiaceae family.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Eudicots (unranked): Asterids Order: Apiales Nakai
Families
Apiaceae (carrot family) Araliaceae (ginseng family) Griseliniaceae Myodocarpaceae Pennantiaceae Pittosporaceae Torricelliaceae

The Apiales are an order of flowering plants. The families given at right are typical of newer classifications, though there is some slight variation, and in particular the Torriceliaceae may be divided. ^[1] These families are placed within the asterid group of eudicots as circumscribed by the APG II system. Within the asterids, Apiales belongs to an unranked group called the campanulids. ^[2]

Under this definition well-known members include carrots, celery, parsley, and ivy.

Under the Cronquist system, only the Apiaceae and Araliaceae were included here, and the restricted order was placed among the rosids rather than the asterids. The Pittosporaceae were placed within the Rosales, and many of the other forms within the family Cornaceae. Pennantia was in the family Icacinaceae.

References

1. ^ Gregory M. Plunkett, Gregory T. Chandler, Porter P. Lowry, Steven M. Pinney, and Taylor S. Sprenkle. 2004. "Recent advances in understanding Apiales and a revised classification". South African Journal of Botany 70(3):371-381.
2. ^ Richard C. Winkworth, Johannes Lundberg, and Michael J. Donoghue. 2008. "Toward a resolution of Campanulid phylogeny, with special reference to the placement of Dipsacales". Taxon 57(1):53-65.

Sources

• Chandler, G.T. and G. M. Plunkett. 2004. Evolution in Apiales: nuclear and chloroplast markers together in (almost) perfect harmony. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 144(2):123-147 (abstract available online here).

This Apiales article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)