Archaeorhizomycetes

Archaeorhizomycetes is an order of fungi in the subdivision Taphrinomycotina of the Ascomycota. So far, the class has only one described order, Archaeorhizomycetales, family, Archaeorhizomycetaceae, and genus, Archaeorhizomyces. The class was first described by a team led by Anna Rosling in 2011. Species in the class are globally distributed, and grow in soil and around roots.^[1][2] Specific known host trees of various Archaeorhizomyces species include hemlock, spruce, pine and heather, but other species colonise hardwoods generally.^[1]

The precise ecological role of the taxa is uncertain. While originally found to be seasonal, suggesting it was dependent on carbon compounds from the roots, when grown in culture, Archaeorhizomyces finlayi, the only species described so far, was shown to be able to grow using either glucose or cellulose as its sole source of carbon, suggesting "that it may be involved in decomposition and not require direct carbon transfer from the plant through symbiosis".^[1] While the ecological role is not yet clear, preliminary tests suggest that the fungus is neither a pathogen nor an ectomycorrhizal symbiont.^[3]

Prior to the description by Rosling and colleagues, Archaeorhizomycetes was referred to as Soil Clone Group 1. The taxa were known from DNA sequencing; it had been found in ecological studies of soil in more than fifty cases. However, neither fruit bodies nor spores had been observed.^[1]

The name Archaeorhizomyces comes from the Greek arkhaio-, meaning ancient, which is in reference to the basality of the fungus, rhiza, in reference to roots, and mykes, in reference to fungi. Archaeorhizomyces finlayi, (named in honour of Roger D. Finlay) is the only species described thus far, though many other species in the class are known to exist. It is known from Scandinavia and North America, though other undescribed species have been recorded from throughout the northern hemisphere.^[1]

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