Arisaema

Arisaema
Arisaema triphyllum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Monocots Order: Alismatales Family: Araceae Subfamily: Aroideae Tribe: Arisaemateae Genus: Arisaema Mart.
Species
See text

Arisaema tortuosum

Arisaema is a genus of about 150 species in the flowering plant family Araceae, native to eastern and central Africa, Asia and eastern North America. Its species are often called Cobra lilies, particularly the Asiatic species. A familiar species in North America is Arisaema triphyllum (Jack in the pulpit).

Another species Arisaema tortuosum is found in the Western Ghats and northern parts of India. This is commonly called whipcord cobra lily and by many other names in the Indian subcontinent.

Classification and relationships

The closest relatives of Arisaema appear to be Pinellia and Typhonium (although the latter as defined in 2004 seems to be paraphyletic, having given rise to Arisaema and other genera).^[1] One unusual trait shared by all Arisaema species, and not those of other genera, is the sex change. Arisaema plants are typically male when small, and female or hermaphraditic when large, with a single plant capable of changing sex based on nutrition^[1] and genetics,^[2] and perhaps changing sex several times during its long life (20 years or more).^[1]

Selected species

• Arisaema addis-ababense
• Arisaema album
• Arisaema amurense Maxim.
• Arisaema angustatum Fr. et Sav.
• Arisaema auriculatum
• Arisaema biauriculatum
• Arisaema candidissimum - White jack
• Arisaema concinnum Schott
• Arisaema consanguineum Schott
• Arisaema costatum (Wall.) Mart
• Arisaema daochengense
• Arisaema dracontium - Green dragon
• Arisaema elephas Buchet
• Arisaema engleri
• Arisaema erubescens (Wall.) Schott
• Arisaema exappendiculatum
• Arisaema filiforme
• Arisaema fimbriatum Masters
• Arisaema flavum (Forsk.) Schott
• Arisaema grapsospadix
• Arisaema griffithii Schott
• Arisaema heterophyllum Tian nan xing in Chinese
• Arisaema hunanense
• Arisaema jacquemontii Blume
• Arisaema kishidae
• Arisaema kiushianum Makino
• Arisaema lidaense J. Murata et SKWu
• Arisaema lihenganum
• Arisaema limbatum
• Arisaema monophyllum Nakai
• Arisaema mooneyanum
• Arisaema nepenthoides
• Arisaema odoratum
• Arisaema peninsulae Nakai
• Arisaema propinquum
• Arisaema rhizomatum
• Arisaema ringens (Thunb.) Schott
• Arisaema robustum
• Arisaema ruwenzoricum
• Arisaema sazensoo
• Arisaema serratum (Thunb.) Schott - Jack in the pulpit
• Arisaema sikokianum Fr. et Sav. - Gaudy jack
• Arisaema speciosum - Jack in the pulpit
• Arisaema taiwanense
• Arisaema thunbergii Blume
• Arisaema thunbergii subsp. urashima
• Arisaema tortuosum (Wallich) Schott - Whipcord cobra lily
• Arisaema triphyllum - Jack in the pulpit, Indian turnip
• Arisaema undulatifolium Nakai
• Arisaema undulatifolium var. limbatum Ohashi et J. Murata
• Arisaema utile
• Arisaema wattii J. D. Hook.
• Arisaema yamatense (Nakai) Nakai - Jack in the pulpit

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Renner, S. S. (2004), "A chloroplast phylogeny of Arisaema (Araceae) illustrates Tertiary floristic links between Asia, North America, and East Africa", American Journal of Botany 91: 881, doi:10.3732/ajb.91.6.881 
2. ^ Vitt, P. (2003), "Local differentiation and plasticity in size and sex expression in jack-in-the-pulpit, Arisaema triphyllum (Araceae)", American Journal of Botany 90: 1729, doi:10.3732/ajb.90.12.1729 

External links

• Arisaema information and links
• Arisaema links and information
• Arisaema pictures
• Jack in the Pulpit information
• Arisaema Home Page - Japanese Arisaema pictures

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