Arkhip Kuindzhi
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Arkhip (Ivanovich) Kuindzhi
(b Mariupol, Ukraine, ?1842; d St Petersburg, 11 July 1910). Ukrainian painter, active in Russia. Initially self-taught as an artist, he twice failed the St Petersburg Academy's entrance examination, despite coaching by the marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky. In 1868, however, he was accepted as an external student. He persevered against conservative prejudice and poverty throughout his early career, supplementing his income by retouching photographs. In his early landscape paintings he often sought to capture seasonal moods, as in Autumn Mud (1872; St Petersburg, Rus. Mus.). A more human focus, however, is noticeable after 1874, when he joined the travelling exhibitions society the WANDERERS: the village houses dominate the landscape setting in Evening in Ukraine (1878; St Petersburg, Rus. Mus.). Kuindzhi's principal interest, however, was in lighting, and he obtained striking effects by using vivid colours, chiaroscuro contrasts and simple but cleverly conceived designs. Spectacular paintings, such as the Birch Grove (1879; Moscow, Tret'yakov Gal.), greatly moved contemporary viewers. Through years of experimentation, Kuindzhi developed a highly original technique, which he applied to an increasingly typical, at times almost visionary, treatment of subjects such as snow-covered mountains and moonlight (e.g. Elbnis: Moonlit Night, 1890-95; Moscow, Tret'yakov Gal.). Due to imperfections in the paints he used, many of his canvases soon darkened. An outstanding teacher, he directed the St Petersburg Academy's department of landscape painting from 1894 to 1897. His influence led to the rise of a school of landscape painters working in a similarly lyrical manner, which included former pupils such as Arkady Rylov and Nicholas Roerich.
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Arkhip Kuindzhi
| Arkhip Kuindzhi | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Arkhip Kuindzhi by Viktor Vasnetsov, 1869 |
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| Born | 27 January 1842 Mariupol, Russia |
| Died | 24 July 1898 (aged 56) St. Petersburg, Russia |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Field | Painting |
| Training | Imperial Academy of Arts |
| Movement | Realism |
| Works | Evening in the Ukraine (1878–1901), Night on the Dnepr (1882) |
| Patrons | Pavel Tretyakov |
| Influenced by | Ivan Shishkin, Alexei Savrasov |
| Influenced | Arkady Rylov, Nicholas Roerich, Konstantin Bogaevsky |
| Awards | Bronze Medal (London, 1874) |
Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi (or Arkhip Kuinji; Russian: Архи́п Ива́нович Куи́нджи; Ukrainian: Архип Іванович Куїнджі; January 27, 1842(?) – July 24, 1910) was a Russian landscape painter.
Arkhip Kuindzhi was born in January 1841 in Mariupol (present-day Ukraine), but he spent his youth in the city of Taganrog. He grew up in a poor family, and his father was a Greek shoemaker Ivan Khristoforovich Kuindzhi (sometimes spelt Emendzhi). Arkhip was six years old when he lost his parents, so that he was forced to make his living, working at the church building site, grazing domestic animals, and working at the corn merchant's shop. During the five years, from 1860 to 1865, Arkhip Kuindzhi worked as retoucher in the photo studio of Isakovich in Taganrog. Kuindzhi tried to open his own photographer's studio, but without success. After that Kuindzhi left Taganrog for Saint Petersburg.
He studied painting mainly independently and in St.Petersburg Academy of arts (from 1868; the full member since 1893). He was co-partner of mobile art exhibitions (Peredvizhniki, a group of Russian realist artists who in protest to academic restrictions formed an artists' cooperative, which evolved into the Society for Traveling Art Exhibitions (Peredvizhniki in 1870. During this early period Kuinczhy felt Ivan Aivazovsky's influence.
In 1872 the artist left the academy and worked as a freelancer. The painting Na ostrove Valaam (On the Valaam Island) was the first artwork, which Pavel Tretyakov acquired for his art gallery. In 1873, Kuindzhi exhibited his painting The Snow, which received the bronze medal at the International Art Exhibition in London in 1874. In the middle of 1870s he created a number of paintings in which the landscape motif was designed for concrete social associations in the spirit of Peredvizhniki (Forgotten village, 1874; Chumatski path, 1875; both – in Tretyakov gallery).
In his mature period Kuindzhy aspired to transfer the most expressive on illumination of a condition of the nature. He applied composite receptions (high horizon, etc.), creating panoramic views. Using light effects and intense colors shown in main tones, he depicted the illusion of illumination (Evening in the Ukraine, 1876; Birch Grove, 1879; After a thunderstorm, 1879; all three are in Tretyakov Gallery; Night on Dnepr, 1880 in Russian museum, St.Petersburg). His later works are remarkable by decorative effects of color building.
Kuindzhi lectured at the St.Petersburg Academy of arts (Professor since 1892; professor-head of landscape workshop since 1894; but he was fired in 1897 for support of student's protests). Among his students were artists such as Arkady Rylov, Nicholas Roerich, Konstantin Bogaevsky, and others. Kuindzhi initiated creation of the Society of artists (1909; later – the Society named after A.I. Kuindzhi).
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Contents
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Works
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Lake Ladoga (1873)
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The birch grove (1879)
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Dnepr in the morning 1881
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Night on the Dnepr
(1882) -
Surf and Clouds, 1882
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Elbrus, 1890–1895
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Evening in the Ukraine (1878–1901)
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Moonspots in the Forest, Winter 1898–1908
See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Archip Iwanowitsch Kuindshi |
References
- V.S. Manin Arkhip Ivanovich Kuinji, Leningrad, 1990, ISBN 5-7370-0098-2
External links
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