armet

Construction of a classic armet

a "Florentian" armet (notice that it opens in a manner different from that of a classic armet)

Armet (in hungarian: Csőrsisak "peacked helmet") is the name of a type of helmet developed in the 15th century, most likely in Italy and Hungary. It was distinguished by being the first helmet of its era to completely enclose the head while being compact and light enough to move with the wearer. The typical armet consisted of four pieces: the skull, the two hinged cheek pieces which lock at the front, and the visor. A multi-part reinforcement for the bottom half of the face, known as a wrapper, was sometimes added, and its straps attached to a metal disc at the base of the skull piece called a rondel. It reached its height of popularity during the 15th and 16th centuries when knights in medieval Europe wore plate armor into battle. Movable face and cheek pieces allowed the wearer to close the helmet, thus fully protecting the head from blows. Armets have often been confused with close helmets, and the two names can now be used almost interchangeably when referring to either form of helmet. Close helmets had a full visor and bevor (a chin/neck guard); the visor pivoted up and down by means of bolts attached to the side of the skull piece. Slightly different in design, armets had hinged cheek pieces which opened at the front of face backward. Note the similarities between the armet above and the close helmet to the lower left.

The armet is found in many contemporary pieces of artwork, such as Paolo Uccello's 'Battle of San Romano', and is almost always shown as part of a Milanese armor.

The armet was most popular in Italy, and in Hungary as this was the first kingdom in Europe after the italian into absorve the Renaissance during the reing of the king Matthias Corvinus of Hungary. Whereas in England and Western Europe the sallet helmet was preferred. It is believed by some that the close helm resulted from a combination of various elements of each.

A double visored close helm (notice that its bevor attached like the third visor)

According Oakeshot (Ewart Oakeshott "European Weapons and Armour. From Renaissance to the Industrial Revolution" ISBN 0 85115 789 0, page 121 in edition of 2000 by The Boydell Press, Woolbridge) the close helm is a helm which is very similar to armet, but has different method of opening. While an armet has two cheekpieces, a close helm instead them has a kind of bevor which is attached in same way to pivots as its visor.

However other authors do not make such difference between close helm and armet. E.g. Wendelin Boeheim in his "Handbuch der Waffenkunde. Das Waffenwesen in seiner historischen Entwicklung vom Beginn des Mittelalters bis zum Ende des 18 Jahrhunders" (Leipzig 1890) do not separate close helms and armets. However he separates "Burgundian" Armet as kind of an armet (or a close helm) which has specific vertigous joint for being attached for a special gorget made from movable rings.

v • d • e Components of medieval armour Head Armet · Barbute · Bascinet · Burgonet · Cervelliere · Close helm · Great helm · Frog mouth · Hounskull · Lobster tail pot · Mail coif · Nasal helm · Sallet · Spangenhelm · Kettle hat Visor · Falling buffe · Nossel Neck Aventail · Bevor · Gorget  · Pixane Torso Brigandine · Cuirass · Culet · Plackart  · Fauld · Hauberk · Codpiece · Lance rest · Loin-guard Arms Ailette · Besagew · Couter · Gauntlet · Pauldron · Rerebrace · Spaulder · Vambrace Legs Chausses · Cuisses · Greave · Poleyn · Sabaton · Schynbald · Tasset Tonnlets · Bases (both used for tournament) Component pieces Gousset · Lamé · Rondel

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